云南省马铃薯黑痣病大田发生情况及防控试验  

Control Experiment and Occurrence of Potato Black Scurf Disease in Yunnan Province

作　　者：王东岳[1] 刘霞[1] 杨艳丽[1] 冯蕊[1] 曹永松[2] 郑翔 李健强[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201 [2]中国农业大学植物病理学系,北京100083 [3]中农齐民(北京)科技发展有限公司,北京100193

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2014年第4期225-229,共5页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：云南省马铃薯产业技术体系(2013KJTX003);冬季马铃薯无公害高产技术体系构建及应用

摘　　要：对云南省马铃薯主产区由丝核菌侵染引起的黑痣病的发生情况进行调查，并开展了病害防治田间药效试验。云南省马铃薯主产区均有黑痣病的发生，部分地区发病较为严重，最为严重的昆明地区发病率达到36.00%；曲靖、昭通、丽江、迪庆、大理五个地区的发病率分别为29.75%、29.01%、27.28%、20.91%和12.36%，全省马铃薯黑痣病最轻发生地区为宣威，发病率亦达到12.00%。因此，开展20%辣根素水乳剂、“蔬得康”、10%噻唑膦颗粒剂（福气多）和3%呋喃丹颗粒剂的田间防控试验。20%辣根素水乳剂按照每667m^2用药1，3和5 L兑水44-45 L，于马铃薯播种前开沟实施沟内土壤泼洒施药、盖膜7 d揭膜后播种，其对马铃薯出苗安全，出苗率达90.28%-94.90%，优于其它药剂处理和空白对照；辣根素三个剂量处理能够降低平均病薯率和平均病情指数；其中以20%辣根素水乳剂5 L/667m^2处理防病效果达到65.67%，增产幅度达16.85%，为供试药剂中防控马铃薯黑痣病和增产效果最好的药剂处理，值得在生产中进一步示范推广。The occurrence of potato black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Yunnan potato production areas was investigated and the control efficacy of the disease in the field was determined. The black scurf disease occurred in al the potato production areas, with some places happening heavily. The most serious area was Kunming City. Its incidence reached 36.00%, fol owed by Qujing （29.75%）, Zhaotong （29.01%）, Lijiang （27.28%）, Diqing （20.91%） and Dali （12.36%）. Xuanwei had the less incidence, but stil up to 12.00%. Therefore, the field trials of Athomin 20%emulsion,“Shudekang”, Fosthiazate 10%granule and Furadan 3% granule were conducted. One liter or three liters or five litters of Athomin 20%emulsion diluted with 44-45 liters of water on the basis of 667m^2 of land, which was applied to planting furrow before planting and covered with plastic sheet for seven days, was safe for potato emergence （90.28%-94.90%）, which was better than other treatments and control. These three dosages of Athomin 20%emulsion could reduce the diseased tuber rate and disease index, of which the treatment of Athomin 20%emulsion （5 L/667m^2） showed the best results, with the control efficacy being 65.67%, and yield being increased by 16.85%. Therefore, it is worth for further demonstration and extension in potato production.

关 键 词：马铃薯 黑痣病 发病率 防控试验 

分 类 号：S435.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]