老子“玄德”思想及其所蕴形而上下的通贯性——基于通行本与简帛本《老子》的综合考察  

Laozi's Thought on “Profound Virtue” and Its Internal Coherence between Metaphysics and Physics: A Comprehensive Review Based on the Received Edition and the Excavated Bamboo Slips and Silk Editions of Laozi

作　　者：叶树勋[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学国学研究院

出　　处：《文史哲》2014年第5期19-28,164,共10页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"出土简帛文献与古代中国哲学新发现综合研究"(11&ZD086);国家社会科学基金青年项目"先秦道家物德论研究"(14CZX023)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："玄德"在老子学说中不仅具有多层域的丰富意涵,而且还蕴含着老子形而上学、政治哲学以及心性论之间的通贯性。在综合考察《老子》通行本和简帛本的基础上,通过相关语境的疏证与解析,渐可发现"玄德"思想的多重义理:形上世界的"玄德"意味着"道"对万物"生而弗有"的两面性作用;这一作用推衍到形下的政治生活,便是指圣人效法"道"而具备"以不智治国"的"玄德";但圣人的效法又绝非外在模仿那么简单,其间还深蕴着"涤除玄鉴"的内向体认,"玄德"的工夫论意义也于此展现。发掘老子"玄德"的多重意涵,不仅使我们对此观念的义理具有更综合的认识,而且还可以为我们理解老子思想形而上下之间的内在关联提供新的参照。In Laozi's theories,the'profound virtue'(xuan de)not only has rich meanings on various levels,but also exhibits a coherence throughout his metaphysics,political philosophy,and idea on the mind.On the basis of comprehensively inspecting the received edition and the excavated bamboo slips and silk editions of Laozi,as well as through the commentary and analysis of relevant contexts,the multiple argumentations of the thought'profound virtue'can be gradually formulated:the'profound virtue'in the metaphysical world means the dual function that the Tao'gives birth to the whole creation yet does not occupy it';while extending to the actual political life,the function just refers that the sage processing the'profound virtue'to'administer a state without wisdom'when following the Tao.Such an act is not simply as external imitation,but there deeply contains the internal realization of'eliminating the subjective desires and distractions',which expresses the significance of the'profound virtue'on moral cultivation.Exploring the multiple meanings of'profound virtue'can not only help us gain a more comprehensive understanding of the idea,but also provide us a new reference for the internal relevance between Laozi's metaphysics and physics.

关 键 词：简帛《老子》 玄德 形上意域 形下场景 内在维度 

分 类 号：B223.1[哲学宗教—中国哲学]