泥沙落淤对输水工程中淡水壳菜污损的抑制作用  

Effect of Sediment Settling on Control Limnoperna Fortunei Bio-fouling in Long-distanceWater Transport Project

作　　者：曹小武[1,2] 徐梦珍[3] 王兆印[3] 王旭昭[4] 刘明祥 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610207 [2]深圳市东江水源工程管理处,广东深圳518036 [3]水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室清华大学,北京100084 [4]北京矿产地质研究院,北京100012 [5]深圳市水务规划设计院,广东深圳518001

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2014年第8期45-48,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41071001);水利部公益项目(200901078)

摘　　要：淡水壳菜(Limnoperna fortunei),学名沼蛤,是原产于我国南方自然水体中的滤食性淡水贻贝。其幼虫随水流进入输水工程,在结构表面聚团附着,形成生物污损,破坏混凝土壁面,增加输水阻力,甚至堵塞管道,死亡贝体会造成水质污染。基于深圳市东江水源工程中淡水壳菜生物污损的工程背景,利用工程停水检修期,对输水管线系统中淡水壳菜的附着情况进行了调查。结合工程取水水源河流中淡水壳菜在自然栖息地中的附着调查及监测试验,分析了泥沙落淤对淡水壳菜附着密度的影响。对输水管线调查的结果表明:在水流流速及结构型式相似的管段,淡水壳菜附着密度与结构面上泥沙落淤显著相关。在泥沙大量落淤的结构面上,淡水壳菜的附着密度极低,且死亡率极大;在泥沙不易落淤的附着面上淡水壳菜的附着密度远高于受泥沙落淤影响的附着面。对水源河流的调查与监测试验也表明:自然栖息地中,泥沙落淤也会抑制淡水壳菜的附着。当附着面上泥沙落淤量增加5倍时,淡水壳菜附着密度可降低80%。据此,可提出利用泥沙落淤抑制输水工程中淡水壳菜污损的防治思路。Golden mussel （Limnoperna fortunei）, originating from water bodies in South China, is a filter-feeding species of freshwa- ter Mytilidae. The veligers of golden mussel enter into water transfer tunnels through water intake, and densely attach to tunnel walls, causing bio-fouling and installation corrosion, increasing water transfer resistance, and even clogging in pipes. Putrefaction of dead mussels also causes water pollution, golden mussel bio-fouling in pipeline of the Dongjiang Water Source Project is investigated. Attachment density of golden mussels is investigated from the water intakes to the end of the pipeline. Investigations and experi- ments are conducted in the rivers supplying water： the Dongjiang and Xizhijiang Rivers. The effect of sediment settling on restraining attachment density of golden mussels is analyzed based on the tunnel investigation and field investigation and experiment. It is indica- ted that in the water transfer tunnel the attachment density is significantly related to sediment settling. The density is very low at the sections with much sediment settling. Moreover, the mortality of the attached mussels is very high. However, the density is much higher at the sections with less sediment settling. The similar effect of sediment settling on restraining golden mussels＇ attachment is also revealed in the field investigation. The experimental results indicate that when the amount of sediment settling increases 5 times, the attachment density reduces 80 %. Therefore, sediment settling is considered as an effective strategy to control golden mussel bio -fouling in water transfer tunnels.

关 键 词：输水工程 淡水壳菜 附着密度 泥沙落淤 污损防治 

分 类 号：TV6[水利工程—水利水电工程] X4[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]