莱州湾渔业资源与环境变化趋势分析  

Analysis of Long-Term Changes in Fishery Resources and Environment in the Laizhou Bay

作　　者：张锦峰[1,2] 高学鲁[1] 庄文[1] 李培苗[1] 周凤霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东烟台264003 [2]鲁东大学化学与材料科学学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2014年第3期82-90,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：山东省科技发展计划项目(2012GHY11535)资助

摘　　要：依据近30年来关于莱州湾环境典型污染物、浮游植物和渔业资源的调查资料,报道了莱州湾水环境质量、浮游植物和渔业资源的变迁规律,并简单分析了三者之间的关系;结果表明:(1)从上世纪80年代初起至本世纪初,莱州湾环境中无机氮平均含量经历了由低到高的变化,到2009年无机氮含量已超过劣四类海水水质标准;元机磷平均含量呈总体降低趋势,氮磷摩尔比在所考察的大部分时段内高于Redfield阈值(16);(2)1980年代末以来,磷是限制莱州湾浮游植物生长的限制性营养盐,莱州湾浮游植物的种类在减少,群落结构趋于简单化;(3)莱州湾渔获物种数年均减少1.5种;鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类年均减少0.7种;单位捕捞努力量渔获量年均降低10 kg/h;近海捕捞量逐年减少,仅潍坊市,近海捕捞量从1989年的18.7万t减少到2007年的1.7万t;(4)限制浮游植物生长的营养盐从氮转变为磷,莱州湾浮游植物群落已由硅藻占绝对优势演变为硅藻和甲藻共同占优势;(5)与其他因素相比,氮磷比与莱州湾近海捕捞量存在更显著的相关性;氮磷比及COD含量与渔获物种数存在显著相关性;说明海水氮磷比是决定莱州湾渔业资源量的关键因素,而资源种数受有机物污染影响较大。Long-term variations of environmental factors,phytoplankton,fishery resources as well as their interactive relationship in the Laizhou Bay were revealed based on the data of the past 30 years.The results showed that：（a） the average concentrations of inorganic nitrogen（IN） in the Laizhou Bay experienced a transition from a low level to a high one,worse than the seawater standard Grade IV of China till 2009;the average concentrations of inorganic phosphorus（IP） demonstrated a decreasing trend,and the mole ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus were higher than Redfield threshold（16） values for most of the time;（2） since the late 1980 s,phosphorus had become the nutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in the Laizhou Bay;the species number of phytoplankton was in the reduction trend and the structure of phytoplankton community tended to be simplified;（3） the species number of fishery resources reduced by 1.5 types annually;the species of fish eggs,fish larvae and juveniles reduced by 0.7 types annually;the catches per unit of efforts dropped by 10 kg h～（-1） annually;the inshore catches declined every year,from 18.7 million tons in 1989 to 1.7 million tons in 2007 only in Weifang City;（4） as the nutrient limiting phytoplankton growth shifted from nitrogen to phosphorus,the dominant phytoplankton community in the Laizhou Bay evolved from diatoms to diatoms and dinoflagellates,and the food chain maintained by diatoms was weakened and the food chain maintained by dinoflagellates was enhanced,resulting in a higher trophic level of recession in fishery resources in the Laizhou Bay;（5） compared with other factors,the mole ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus had more significant correlation with the amount of inshore catches in the Laizhou Bay（R=- 0.743,P = 0.003,n=12）;the mole ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus and COD contents had significant correlation with the species number of catches（1：R=-0.899,P=0.038,n=7;2：R=-0.716,P=0.046,n=8）;the mole ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus may be

关 键 词：莱州湾 无机氮 无机磷 浮游植物 渔业资源 相关性 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]