政府财税扶持、企业异质性与经营绩效——来自482家国家级农业龙头企业的经验证据  

The Fiscal and Taxation Support of Government,Corporation Heterogeneity and Operation Performance——In View of the Data of 482 National Agricultural Leading Enterprises

作　　者：崔宝玉[1,2] 刘学[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院,江苏南京210093 [2]合肥工业大学经济学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《经济管理》2014年第10期11-23,共13页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"农民专业合作社股权结构对合作社功能的影响研究"(71103056);安徽大学农村改革与经济社会发展研究院资助项目"农业龙头企业政府财税扶持的政策效应研究"(AHDX1406)

摘　　要：本文基于482家国家级农业龙头企业数据,在界定企业异质性的基础上,运用因子分析方法,分离出了企业的财务绩效、税收绩效、社会绩效与综合绩效,并通过面板数据模型评估了政府财税扶持政策对上述绩效的影响效应。研究表明,政府财税扶持在扶持力度、方式与重点上是有偏向的,而且,政府财税扶持是合理性与偏差性并存的。一方面,财税扶持对企业综合绩效与财务绩效具有显著促进作用,这为政府财税扶持的合理性提供了佐证;另一方面,多年以来试图通过扶持农业龙头企业来扶持农户的政策诉求并没有实现,对公有制企业的大力扶持反而对其绩效有显著的促退作用,较多使用增值税减免这一政策工具也未必能达到良好的政策效应预期,这些又凸显出了财税扶持在扶持效果、扶持方式与扶持重点上的偏差性。Chinese rural reform and development has made great achievements. The most overall and long-term strategic significance of the breakthrough and innovation is exploration of an agricultural modernization path suitable for Chinese national conditions--Agricultural Industrial-ization Management. As the carrier of agricultural industrialization management and the hinge of agricultural industry chain, leading enterprises play a key role in this process undoubtedly. With our nation＇s adherence to the development conception of ＂supporting agricultural leading enterprises is supporting the farmers＂, fiscal and taxation support are mounting and various preferential policies for agri- cultural leading enterprises, such as fiscal subsidies, tax breaks, public welfare subsidies, price subsidies, land price discount and even listing rules, are rapidly heating up in provinces and cities. Along with the mounting fiscal and taxation support, the following question is whether the fiscal and taxation support policies can significantly improve the business performance of agricultural leading enterprises？ Does government fiscal and taxation support policies have any bias？ Does the effect of these support policies make any difference among the agricultural leading enterprises with different characteristics？ Answers to these questions relate to measuring the actual effect of government＇s fis-cal and taxation policies, judging whether the support effect deviates from the stated target, and also evaluating the rationality of government fiscal and taxation support strength and direction. This paper in view of the data of 482 national agricultural leading enterprises, based on the definition of corpo-ration heterogeneity , use the method of factor analysis to separate financial performance, tax per-formance, social performance and comprehensive performance and then use the panel data model to measure and evaluate the impact of the fiscal and taxation support policy on these performance. Ac-cording to the research, the fiscal

关 键 词：财税扶持 异质性 经营绩效 农业龙头企业 评估 

分 类 号：F272.3[经济管理—企业管理]