普遍性原则与自由原则:康德道德形而上学理念探源  

The Principle of Universality and the Principle of Freedom:A Probe into the Origin of Kant's Metaphysics of Morals

作　　者：王腾[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州科技学院教育与公共管理学院,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《苏州科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2014年第4期1-10,共10页Journal of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou:Social Science

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金指导项目"西方道德形而上学形态的历史演进研究"(13ZXD019);苏州科技学院校科研基金一般项目"康德道德形而上学:法权与德性的共同体系"(XKR201303)

摘　　要：康德道德形而上学的来源一直是学术界争论的问题。一般认为,康德道德形而上学有两个来源:一是休谟;二是卢梭。康德在对休谟的"因果大原理"分析与批判的基础上明确区分了"自然"与"自由",从而为"道德"提供"地盘";卢梭社会契约论展现出来的"普遍性原则"和"自由原则"促成了康德对先验纯粹的"道德法则"与"意志自律"原则的道德形而上学原理建构。除了休谟和卢梭,莱布尼茨也是康德道德形而上学的重要来源,其理性灵魂单子的"自发性"与"自决性"思想开启了康德道德形而上学的"自由"理论——"先验自由"与"实践的自由"。The origin of Immanuel Kant＇s metaphysics of morals has long been a controversial issue in academic cir-cles.Generally speaking,there are two sources,one being David Hume and the other being Jean-Jacques Rousseau. On the basis of Hume＇s“cause and effect relationships”analysis and critique,Kant makes a clear distinction be-tween“nature”and“freedom”,providing“turf”for“morals”;the“principle of universality”and“the principle of freedom”prosposed in Rousseau＇s social contract facilitates Kant＇s construction of his metaphysics of morals as to the principle of transcendental pure“moral laws”and“self-determination”.Besides Hume and Rousseau,Leibniz is also an important source of Kant＇s metaphysics of morals,as his“spontaneity”and“self-determination”of rational soul monads have inspired Kant to come up with his“theory of freedom”of moral metaphysics,which consists of“transcendental freedom”and“practice of freedom”.

关 键 词：康德 道德形而上学 普遍性原则 自由原则 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]