宋代的日食食限算法  

Algorithm of the Limit of Solar Eclipse in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：滕艳辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院数学与信息科学学院 [2]陕西咸阳712000 [2]自然科学史研究所,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2014年第5期78-83,共6页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11073016);教育部人文社科青年项目(10YJCZH208);咸阳师范学院专项科研基金项目(12XSYK009)

摘　　要：宋代历法中记载了多种日食食限和判定日食的方法,直到《纪元历》,这些方法才最终得到完善和定型。中国古代历算家很可能首先知道了春分日正午时刻的月亮视差,然后通过修正得到任意时刻的月亮视差,来解决月亮视差对日食的计算问题。《纪元历》以前的唐宋历法通过推算月亮在黄道内外来判断有无日食,从《纪元历》开始,历法中才使用食甚时刻视月亮到视黄白交点的距离来定义食限。中国古代阴阳历食限不相等的原因是:历法家首先给出阳历食限,即春分正午时真黄白交点到视黄白交点的距离,约为6度,然后定出阴历食限,约为8度。A variety of the limits of solar eclipse and determination methods are recorded in calendars of the Song dynasty. These methods were not finally consummated and finalized before ＂Jiyuanli＂. In order to solve computa- tional problems on the solar eclipse, the ancient Chinese calendar - makers probably had known the parallax of the moon on noon of the day of spring equinox at first, and then they obtained the parallax on any time by correcting it. The calendars of the Tang and Song dynasties before ＂Jiyuanli＂ judged whether or not the solar eclipse would occurr by calculating moon in the eclipse. From ＂Jiyuanli＂, the limit of eclipse had been taken as the distance between the apparent moon and the apparent node of solar and lunar orbit at the moment of the eclipse. Further more, the solar eclipse yang argument limit was the distance between the real node and the apparent node of solar and lunar orbit at the moment of noon of the day of spring equinox, about 6 ancient degrees. Then the solar eclipse yin argument limit was determined, about 8 ancient degrees.

关 键 词：日食 食限 视差 食差 《纪元历》 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]