塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地与北缘城市近地面臭氧质量浓度分布特征  

Study on Surface Ozone Concentration Change between the Desert Hinterland and Northern Margin Urban

作　　者：刘新春[1,2] 钟玉婷[1,2] 何清[1,2] 陆辉[1,2] 霍文[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 新疆树木年轮生态实验室 中国气象局树轮年轮理化研究重点开放实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2] 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆 塔中 841000 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆塔中841000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2014年第7期1148-1155,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41375162;41175017));中国沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(Sqj2012011);新疆气象局科学技术研究与应用技术开发项目(MS201408)

摘　　要：高浓度臭氧对人体健康造成伤害,还会影响植物生长;臭氧也是一种重要的温室气体,影响全球气候变化。本文利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区2010年6月1日至2012年12月31日和北缘城市库尔勒2010年7月1日至2012年12月31日地表臭氧质量浓度连续观测数据,结合PM10和气象资料,对地表臭氧质量浓度的日、周、月、季节与不同天气条件下日变化特征进行了分析,同时探讨了影响臭氧变化的主要因素。结果表明,(1)臭氧质量浓度日变化具有明显的单峰型日变化规律,夜间变化平缓,白天变化剧烈。09:00前后达到最低值,18:00前后达到最高值,出现时间稍迟于沿海城市。(2)臭氧质量浓度变化具有周末效应现象。最高值出现在星期日,最低值出现在星期三;星期一至星期三浓度逐渐降低,星期四又逐渐上升。(3)塔中最高月平均浓度出现在2010年6月,质量浓度为89.6μg·m-3,最低质量浓度出现在2012年12月,为22.1μg·m-3;库尔勒最高月平均质量浓度出现在2010年8月,为82.1μg·m-3,最低为2012年12月的12.5μg·m-3。月平均质量浓度以6月份为中心对称分布,两边月份逐渐降低。(4)春、夏季臭氧质量浓度较高,秋季和冬季明显低于春季和夏季,与沿海大中型城市变化特征基本一致。(5)4种天气中,日变化最剧烈的是晴天,其次为小雨天气,阴天较平缓。沙尘天气出现前,臭氧质量浓度变化较小,沙尘天气开始后质量浓度下降,且下降速度较快。(6)辐射变化具有单峰型日变化规律,臭氧质量浓度变化明显晚于辐射变化,太阳辐射的强弱直接影响光化学反应速度,从而导致臭氧质量浓度的变化;臭氧质量浓度日变化与PM10质量浓度日变化具有相反变化趋势,但在时间变化上有一定的滞后性,臭氧质量浓度变化明显早于PM10的变化。(7)晴天少云的天气情况下臭氧质量浓度明显要高于阴雨(雪)天,气温、相对湿度、风速、风�High surface ozone concentration caused harm to human health and also could affect the plant growth. Ozone was a kind of important greenhouse gas and affected the global climate change. Based on the automatic continuous observation data of surface ozone concentration from June 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 and July 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland and northern margin urban Korla, and combining with PM10 and meteorological data, the variation characteristics of surface ozone concentration at scales of day, week, month, season and the daily variation under different weather conditions were analyzed, the main factors affecting the ozone concentration variation were discussed too. Results showed that： （1） The daily variation of hourly mean ozone concentration was characterized by single peak with gentle changes during the night and dramatic;nbsp;changes during the day at Tazhong and Korla. The lowest concentration was at 09：00 and the highest was at 18：00. Comparing with other cities, the time delayed. （2） Ozone concentration variation has a weekend effect phenomenon. The weekly variation of ozone concentration decreased from Monday to Wednesday with the lowest in Wednesday, and increased after Thursday with the highest in Sunday. （3） The highest monthly average concentration was 89.6μg·m^-3 in June of 2010, and the lowest was 22.1μg·m^-3 in January of 2012 at Tazhong. And the highest monthly average concentration was 82.1μg·m^-3 in August of 2010, and the lowest was 12.5μg·m^-3 in December of 2012 at Korla. The ozone concentration reduced with June as the center every year. （4） Ozone concentration in spring and summer was higher than in autumn and winter. The variation trend agreed with other large and medium-sized cities. （5） Under four different kinds of weather conditions, the ozone concentration varied the most dramatically in sunny day, followed by in little rain day, and varied gently in cloudy day. The ozone concentration varied inconspicuously

关 键 词：地面臭氧 气象因子 对比分析 塔克拉玛干沙漠 库尔勒 

分 类 号：P421[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]