德性幸福与功利幸福的融合致思——论荀子对儒家幸福原则的改良  

Deliberations on the Integration of Virtue Happiness and Utilitarian Happiness:Modification of Confucian Happiness Principle by Xunzi

作　　者：张方玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]连云港师范高等专科学校法政系,江苏连云港222006

出　　处：《唐都学刊》2014年第4期13-17,29,共6页Tangdu Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目:"先秦儒家幸福观及其现代价值研究"(13YJC720046);江苏省高校"青蓝工程"优秀青年教师培养计划资助(苏教师2012-39)

摘　　要：荀子的幸福观由儒家精英转向社会大众,对于"孔颜之乐""君子之乐"奠定的德性原则有所改良。在性伪之辨上,荀子以性恶论为基础,由"性伪之分"起始而至于"以伪饰性",构建了"合性伪"的幸福原则;在理欲之辨上,荀子对"礼"的起源做了理性主义的解释,由"养人之欲""给人之求"起始而至于"以道制欲""合于文理",构建了"统理欲"的幸福原则;在义利之辨上,荀子调整了孔孟思想中义利之间紧张冲突的状况,由人性"生而好利"起始而至于"以义制利""先义后利",构建了"兼义利"的幸福原则。"合性伪""统理欲""兼义利"致力于实现德性原则与功利原则的融通,"两得"成为荀子幸福原则的特质所在,从而使儒家幸福观呈现出德性幸福与功利幸福"双峰并峙"的局面。Xunzi＇s view of happiness realized the transformation from Confucian elite to ordinary people, which im-proved the virtue principle laid by ＂the happiness of Confucius and Yah Hui＂ and ＂gentlemen＇ s happiness＂. Onthe debate of natural abilities and acquired indoctrination, Xunzi based on the theory of original evil of human na＇-ture, constructed the happiness principle of ＂integrating natural abilities and acquired indoctrination＂ starting fromthe ＂distinction of natural abilities and acquired indoctrination＂ to ＂using acquired indoctrination to modify naturalabilities＂. On the debate of principle and desire, Xunzi made a rationalistic explanation on the origin of ＂rite＂,constructed the happiness principle of ＂unifying principle and desire＂ starting from＂ satisfying people＇s desire ＂,＂meeting people＇s needs＂ to ＂restricting people＇s desire by ＇Tao＇ ＂, ＂conforming with moral principles ＂. On thedebate of justice and interest, Xunzi adjusted the tense and conflicting situation between justice and interest in thethoughts of Confucius and Mencius, constructed the happiness principle of ＂balancing justice and interest ＂, start-ing from human nature of ＂liking interest from birth ＂to＂ using justice to restrict interest＂, ＂justice before interest Integrating natural abilities and acquired indoctrination＂, ＂unifying principle and desire＂, ＂balancing justiceand interest＂ were committed to realize the integration of virtue principles and utilitarian principles, ＂having both＂became a trait of Xunzi＇ s happiness principle, so as to make both virtue happiness and utilitarian happiness exist atthe same time.

关 键 词：荀子 幸福原则 合性伪 统理欲 兼义利 

分 类 号：B82-09[哲学宗教—伦理学]