我国乡镇卫生院全科医生缺乏的原因分析和对策研究  

The Reasons and Countermeasures of Lack of General Practitioners in the Township Health Hospitals in China

作　　者：赵晓佩[1] 黄昊[1] 李珑[1] 王玉[1] 陈世景 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院首都卫生管理与政策研究基地,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2014年第25期2926-2929,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：国家软科学研究项目(2010GXS5D179);教育部人文社会科学面上项目(10YJAZH055);北京市哲学社会科学规划重大项目(11ZDA05);北京市属高等学校教学创新人才--教学名师项目(PHR201106207)

摘　　要：目的了解乡镇卫生院全科医生的需求状况,探讨全科医生缺乏的原因并提出解决思路。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取北京、浙江、安徽、山西、云南、贵州6个省/直辖市的100名乡镇卫生院管理者和751名乡镇卫生院医务人员为调查对象。于2011年5月13日—7月7日采用调查问卷进行调查,调查主要内容为乡镇卫生院管理者认为该院急需补充的人才类型和乡镇卫生院医务人员认为该院急需补充的人才类型。对乡镇卫生院管理者共发放问卷100份,回收有效问卷98份,有效回收率为98.0%;对乡镇卫生院医务人员共发放问卷751份,回收有效问卷719份,有效回收率为95.7%。结果乡镇卫生院管理者认为该院急需补充的人才类型排在前三位的依次为:全科医生(88人次,26.3%),防保医生(66人次,19.7%),社区护士(52人次,15.5%);乡镇卫生院医务人员认为该院急需补充的人才类型排在前三位的依次为:全科医生(541人次,28.3%),专科医生(394人次,20.6%),社区护士(299人次,15.6%)。其中,选择全科医生的人次数在6个省/直辖市均排在首位。结论我国乡镇卫生院全科医生缺乏,主要原因可能在于当前全科医生发展现况、乡镇卫生院综合条件及全科医生"5+3"培养模式的影响。建议通过宣传提升全科医生的社会地位,改善全科医生待遇,设立农村全科医学专业。Objective To understand the general practitioner demand condition in the township health hospitals so as to explore the reasons and countermeasures. Methods The cluster sampling method was used to choose 100 managers and 751 medical staff of the township health hospitals in 6 provinces ： Beijing, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shanxi, Yunnan and Guizhou. Then a questionnaire survey was conducted among them on the talent types in urgent need in the managers＇ eyes and in the medical staff＇s eyes. 100 questionnaires were sent out to the managers, and 98 valid ones were retrieved with the efficient rate of 98. 0%. 751 questionnaires were sent out to the medical staff, and 719 valid ones were retrieved with the efficient rate of 95.7%. Results According to the managers, the first three talent types in urgent need were general practitioners （88 person times, 26. 3% ）, preventive care doctors （66 person times, 19.7% ） and community nurses （52 person times, 15.5% ） . According to the medical staff, the first three were general practitioners （541 person times, 28.3% ）, specialist physicians （394 person times, 20.6% ） and community nurses （299 person times, 15.6% ） . ＂ General practitioners＂ option was the first in the six provinces. Conclusion Township health hospitals are lack of general practitioners. The main reason probably lies in three aspects： the status of general practitioners, comprehensive conditions of the township health hospitals and ＂ 5 ＋ 3＂ training mode. So this article puts forward three countermeasures： through propagada increasing general practitioners＇ social status, ary and welfare and establishing the rural general practitioner professional.

关 键 词：全科医生 乡镇卫生院 卫生人力 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]