正确行为与道德困境——赫斯特豪斯论美德伦理学的行为理论  

Right Behavior and Moral Dilemma:Hursthouse's View on Behavioral Theory of Virtue Ethics

作　　者：李义天 

机构地区：[1]中央编译局中国现实问题研究中心,北京100032

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第5期34-40,共7页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(10CZX043)

摘　　要：作为当代规范伦理学的主要类型,美德伦理学同规则伦理学一样关注"正确行为",并提出了相应的行为理论及其论证。根据新亚里士多德主义美德伦理学代表人物罗莎琳德·赫斯特豪斯的看法,正确的行为是美德行为者在道德情境中将会典型采取的行为;而美德行为者则是那些具有实现幸福或繁荣所需要的内在品质的行动主体。美德伦理学对正确行为的指导,是以源自美德行为者的内在品质但又体现为一定程度的"美德规则"作为基本形态的,而并不主张或认同法典化的决策程序。面对道德困境,美德伦理学通过区分行为指南与行为评价以及可以解决的困境与不可解决的困境,揭示出美德行为者可能面临的四种困境类型,表现出行为者在实际的道德情境中不一而足的行为状态与心理状态。As one of the main contemporary normative ethics,virtue ethics pay the same attention to right action as rule ethics and provide its corresponding action theories and arguments.According to Rosalind Hursthouse,one of the representative scholars of Neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics,right actions are what virtuous agents will do characteristically in moral situations;and virtuous agents are those who are of inner characters necessary to the realization of well-beings or flourishing.The guide of right actions provided by virtue ethics is based on those inner characters of virtuous agents and embodied as some sort of'vrules',which refuses the codified decision procedure.With moral dilemmas,virtue ethics make the distinctions between action guidance and action assessment,and between resolvable dilemmas and irresolvable dilemmas.Therefore,virtue ethics reveal four types of moral dilemmas which virtuous agents might face with and tell us their different action and psychological status in actual moral situations.

关 键 词：赫斯特豪斯 美德伦理学 正确行为 道德困境 

分 类 号：B82-069[哲学宗教—伦理学]