船用柴油机第一道活塞环岸积碳的微观形貌和孔隙特性的相衬显微CT研究  

Investigation on the microstructure and pore characteristics of carbon deposit on the piston top land of marine diesel engine using synchrotron X-ray microtomography

作　　者：张旭升[1,2] 彭冠云[1] 杜国浩[1] 江国和[2] 孙秀成[2] 邓彪[1] 谢红兰[1] 吴志军[3] 肖体乔[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201204 [2]上海海事大学商船学院,上海201306 [3]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2014年第9期953-960,共8页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(批准号:2013M541571)资助项目

摘　　要：大型二冲程船用柴油机具有热负荷高、燃用重油、润滑油参与燃烧及其变质、颗粒物排放高等特点，直接或间接地导致其燃烧室内更为明显的积碳现象，同时积碳层的构成和特性会显著影响柴油机的输出动力性能和排放特性．采用我国第三代同步辐射装置一上海光源的x射线相衬显微CT技术，对第一道活塞环岸积碳样品进行了三维无损显微成像．通过定量数字图像处理，对积碳层的微观特性和孔隙分布特性进行了分析研究．结果表明，活塞环上部积碳厚度基本在1．0mm左右，仅为缸套和活塞间距的一半，但是其表面形态显示出与缸套强烈的摩擦磨损痕迹，这说明该部位的积碳会明显破坏缸套的滑油分布．同时积碳内外表面裂纹密集，而中部裂纹较疏松，积碳内外表面的裂纹形成机理存在显著差异．从孔隙连通性来看，几乎所有的裂缝都是相通的，计算得到的总的孔隙率在10．9％～12．8％之间．并且连通的裂纹中存在交汇的孔洞结构，这些孔隙结构可能对燃气产生吸附和解吸的作用．It is of significance that massive carbon deposit （CD） is observed in the combustion chamber of large-scale two-stroke marine diesel engine due to high thermal load, poor fuel quality, oil degradation and combustion and high particle emission. The structure and characteristics of CD have great influence on the engine performance and emissions. In this paper, we use synchrotron X-ray microtomography of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility to visualize the three dimensional structure of CD on the piston top land. Based on the quantitative image analysis, microstructure and pore characteristics of CD are investigated. The results show the CD thickness is around lmm, half of clearance between cylinder liner and piston. However, the surface structure shows significant friction scratches, which suggests the oil film could be destroyed by the CD. The results of crackle distribution show that intensive crackle is located on the CD surface （inner and outer surfaces）, while loosen crackle is found inside the CD. This implies that the crackle formation mechanism is different on the inner and outer surfaces. The analysis of pore connectivity indicated that most of cracks are connected, and the porosity is in the range between 10.9% and 12.8% in present experiments. In addition, small hole connected by cracks and the crackle could have impact on the absorption and desorption of unburnt emissions.

关 键 词：积碳 孔隙特性 同步辐射 相衬显微CT 船用柴油机 

分 类 号：U664.121[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]