基于栖息地指数的东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场分析  

Forecasting fishing grounds of Thunnus alalunga in the eastern Pacific based on habitat suitability index

作　　者：任中华[1,2] 陈新军[1,3,4,2] 方学燕 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]远洋渔业协同创新中心,上海201306 [3]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学大洋渔业可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2014年第5期385-395,共11页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家863计划(2012AA092303);国家发改委产业化专项(2159999);上海市科技创新行动计划(12231203900)

摘　　要：长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)是东太平洋海域重要的金枪鱼种类之一,也是我国金枪鱼延绳钓的主要捕捞对象之一。本文根据2009~2011年美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会(IATTC)在东太平洋海域(20°N^30°S、85°W^150°W)长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓生产统计数据,结合海洋遥感获得的表温(SST)和海面高度(SSH)的数据,运用一元非线性回归方法,以渔获产量、单位捕捞努力量CPUE为适应性指数,按季度分别建立了基于SST和SSH的长鳍金枪鱼栖息地适应性指数,采用算术平均法获得基于SST和SSH环境因子的栖息地指数综合模型,并用2012年各月实际作业渔场进行验证。研究结果显示,在东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的栖息地预测中,以CPUE为适应性指数的栖息地指数模型比以渔获量为适应性指数的栖息地指数模型预测更为准确。2012年中心渔场的预报准确性达75%以上,具较高预报准确度,可为金枪鱼延绳钓渔船寻找中心渔场提供指导。Albacore tuna,Thunnus alalunga,is one of important tunas in the eastern Pacific,and also one of the main target species for Chinese tuna longline fishing fleets.Analyzing the relationship between fisheries of Thunnus alalunga in the eastern Pacific and marine environmental factors can help us build a variety of habitat models of Thunnus alalunga based on different environmental factors,and provide scientific basis for longline vessels in the eastern Pacific to catch Thunnus alalunga efficiently.In this paper,based on the catch data from Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission in the areas （20 ° N-30 ° S and 85 ° W-150 ° W） of eastern Pacific from 2009 to 2011,including operating time,fishing position,catches （kg）,number of hooks,etc.,and combining with environmental data from remote sensing,including sea surface temperature （SST） and sea surface height （SSH）,the catch and CPUE are considered as the suitability index,the suitability curves based on SST and SSH for one quarter were established using a non-linear regression.The habitat suitability index model was set up by using arithmetic mean model（AMM）,and was validated by using the actual catch data in 2012.Results indicated that the highest monthly cumulative catch was in August,reaching more than 50 t,and the CPUE was 921.97 kg for one thousand hooks in August,while the lowest monthly cumulative catch was in February,reaching only 0.84 t,and the CPUE was 5.95 kg for one thousand hooks.In the K-S test,the relationship between catch data,including fishing ground catch and CPUE distribution,and environmental factors,including SST and SSH,was extremely close ; as for HSI model based on CPUE,when HSI was 0.4 or more,the number of full-year operating point was 299,77.46％ of total operating points; for the other models,when HSI was 0.4 or more,the number of full-year operating point was 139,36.01％ of total operating points.Model validation showed that in the habitat prediction of Thunnus alalunga in the eastern Pacific,the prediction accur

关 键 词：长鳍金枪鱼 渔情预报 东太平洋 栖息地指数 海洋环境因子 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]