不同性别职业人员促进健康行为及健康教育策略  

Strategy of health education and health promotion in different genders and occupational populations

作　　者：杜凤[1] 王丽敏[2] 周淑华[1] 李玉杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国校医》2014年第9期654-657,共4页Chinese Journal of School Doctor

摘　　要：目的了解职业人员健康知识和促进健康行为形成的状况,为制定有效的健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对557名职业人员进行自编统一问卷调查,将所有的数据运用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计学处理。结果 WHO健康定义女性知晓率为77.5%,高于男性的67.4%(P<0.05),无论男女对健康四大基石的知晓率<15%。日常基本健康行为只有运动和休息的形成率在60%左右,每天吃早餐、三餐规律及通风换气健康行为方面均超过80%,保健行为上给孩子接种疫苗>90%,女性认同婚前检查行为为89.9%,明显高于男性的75.2%(P<0.01),男性定期进行前列腺液、女性宫颈脱落细胞涂片检查<15%;有意识进行生殖器官自我检查的女性为52.4%,明显高于男性的19.0%(P<0.01);有近40%的男性过马路有危险行为,明显比女性的20.6%高(P<0.01)、有超过40%的男女人不走红绿灯,但对孩子的交通安全教育却达到80%;在公共场所劝阻吸烟的行为<30%,女性劝阻亲人和朋友吸烟的明显比男性高,达到80%。结论从健康知识知晓上,职业女性好于男性;从健康行为所处阶段上,需要激发动机,提供方法,鼓励环境支持。因此,从健康教育策略上,针对他们的工作特点开展灵活多样的健康干预措施,以强化他们的健康行为,提高职业人员的健康素质和生活质量,促进社会经济的发展。Objective To understand the status of health knowledge and health-promoted behavior of occupational staff so as to provide the evidence for formulating effective strategy of health education. Methods A total of 556 occupational staff were selected with the cluster sampling method and investigated with the self-designed questionnaires, and the results were analyzed statistically with SPSS 13.0. Results The health knowledge awareness rate of the definition of health （WHO） of the female （77.5 % ） was significantly higher than that of the male （67.4 %, P 〈 0.05 ）. The awareness rates of four foundations of health in both female and male were less than 15%. The health-promoted behavior forming rates of exercise and rest were about 60 % in all daily basic health-promoted behaviors; the forming rates of daily eating breakfast, regular three meals, ventilation and air exchange were higher than 80 % ; the forming rate of vaccination for children was higher than 90% ; the rate of consenting premarital examination of the female was 89.9% which was significantly higher than that of the male （75.2, P 〈 0.01 ） ; the rates of examination of pr^tatic fluid regularly and cervical exfoliated cells examination were lower than 15 % ; the female who examined reproductive organs by themselves consciously were 52.4 % which was obviously higher than the male （19.0 %, P 〈 0.01） ; there were 40 % of the male had risk behavior when they crossed road, that was obviously higher than the female （20.6 %, P 〈 0.01 ） and there were more than 40 % of people crossing road without watching traffic light but the rate of traffic security education for children by them was as high as 80 % ; the dissuading smoking in public place did not reach 30 %, and comparing with the male, the female was inclined to persuade families and friends to give up smoking, which reached 80 %. Conclusions The health awareness of the occupational female is higher than that of the male. To stimulate the motivation, the strategy of health educ

关 键 词：职业群体 健康知识 态度 实践 卫生促进 卫生教育 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学]