总溶解气体过饱和含沙水体对齐口裂腹鱼影响的实验研究  

Effects of TDG supersaturated water with sediment on juvenile Schizothorax prenanti

作　　者：张亦然[1] 杜秋成 王远铭[1] 李克锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川众望安全环保技术咨询有限公司,四川成都610000

出　　处：《水利学报》2014年第9期1029-1037,共9页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51379136)

摘　　要：高坝泄洪形成总溶解气体(Total Dissolved Gas,TDG)过饱和的含沙水流,由于泥沙的作用,加剧了对高坝下游鱼类的影响。为探讨TDG过饱和含沙水体对鱼类影响的规律,以齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为实验对象,选取中值粒径为7.4μm的泥沙,对TDG饱和度为100%、120%、125%、130%、135%、140%的水体,分别设置0、20、60、80 mg/L的含沙量实验工况,开展含沙水体TDG过饱和的持续暴露实验。实验结果表明,含沙量不同但TDG饱和度保持为100%不变的实验组中,未出现实验鱼死亡现象。TDG饱和度为130%时,含沙量为0、20、60、80 mg/L的实验组中,实验鱼的半致死时间分别为15.3 h、10.75 h、8.3 h、7.85 h。在TDG饱和度相同时,含沙量越高半致死时间越短,但高含沙量实验组(60 mg/L,80m g/L)的半致死时间相差不大;含沙量相同时,TDG饱和度越高,半致死时间越短。The impact of sediment may intensify the effect of total dissolved gas（TDG） supersaturated water with sediment to fish caused by high dam flood discharge. The experiment chose juvenile Schizothorax prenanti as test subject,and sediment with median diameter of 7.4 μm to determine the regularity of the influence of TDG supersaturated water with sediment to fish,prepared concentration of 0 mg/L,20 mg/L,60 mg/L,80 mg/L in the water containing TDG of 100 %,120 %,125 %,130 %,135 %,140 %. The resultsshow that there are no death appeared in the different sediment concentration groups with TDG saturation of 100 %. When the TDG saturation is 130 %,the half lethal time of fish with sediment concentration of 0 mg/L,20 mg/L,60 mg/L,80 mg/L are 15.3 h,10.75 h,8.3 h,7.85 h,respectively. At the same TDG saturation,higher sediment concentration will lead to shorter half lethal time,but the differences between the sediment groups of high concentration（60 mg/L,80 mg/L）are small;at the same sediment concentra-tion,higher TDG saturation will lead to shorter half lethal time.

关 键 词：总溶解气体过饱和 泥沙 齐口裂腹鱼 半致死时间 致死效应 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]