二氧化碳有机胺吸收剂研究进展  

Advances in Organic Amine CO_2 Absorbent Research

作　　者：史建公[1] 刘志坚[2] 赵良英[3] 张毅[1] 张敏宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化催化剂北京燕山分公司,北京102400 [2]中国石化催化剂有限公司,北京100029 [3]天津财经大学图书馆,天津300204

出　　处：《中外能源》2014年第9期16-25,共10页Sino-Global Energy

基　　金：中国石化催化剂有限公司"碳捕集;利用及封存技术调研"项目(编号:14-05-02)阶段性成果

摘　　要：在烟气二氧化碳吸收工艺中,最关键的是吸收剂,其性质决定了整个工艺的水平。目前,在用于烟气脱碳的吸收剂中,针对以乙醇胺(MEA)为代表的有机胺二氧化碳吸收剂的研究最深入、应用最多,但尚没有一种有机胺能够完全符合工业吸收剂应该满足的10项要求,每种有机胺都有其自身的局限性。好的吸收剂应对溶质具有高的溶解度和选择性,且挥发性低、腐蚀性小、稳定性高、黏度低、产生泡沫趋势小、成本低、降解速率低、环境友好并容易操作。MEA可降解,具有挥发性,MEA的排放会导致其毒性对新鲜水生态系统的影响增大10倍,而陆地生态系统受其毒性的影响会较小。抑制剂能够极大地降低MEA的氧化降解。近年来混合胺以其相对于单一醇胺吸收量大、吸收速率快、解吸能耗小等优势,成为吸收二氧化碳的新选择,较为经典的是MEA/MDEA体系。未来有机胺吸收剂的发展,一是要利用具有优良吸收性能的单一有机胺组合成复配剂,二是要开发具有多功能团的、能够满足工业吸收剂要求的单一吸收剂,三是开发无机-有机复合二氧化碳吸收剂。At the heart of the flue gas carbon dioxide absorption technology is absorbent,the properties of which determine the level of the technology.Among all absorbents used in removing carbon in flue gas,the research on organic amine CO2 absorbents,typified by MEA,is the most in-depth and relevant applications are the most.However,currently not a single organic amine is able to meet all the 10 requirements that a qualified industrial absorbent should satisfy and every type of organic amine has its limitations.An excellent absorbent should have high solubility and selectivity towards solutes and their volatility should be low ,corrosivity should be small,stability should be high and viscosity should be low.In addition,they should have low tendency of producing foam ,their cost and degradation rate should be low,and they should also be environmentally friendly and easy to operate.MEA is degradable and volatile.The emission of MEA will increase its toxicity towards a fresh water ecological system 10-fold and its impact on the land ecological system is relatively low.An in- hibitor can greatly reduce the oxidative degradation of MEA.In recent years,owing to its advantages compared with a single alcohol amine,including large absorptive capacity,fast absorption rate and low energy consumption in desorption ,mixed amine has become a new choice for absorbing carbon dioxide and formed the classic MEA/MDEA system.As for the direction of organic amine absorbent development,firstly,single organic amine products with excellent absorptive properties will be combined to form mixed absorbents ;secondly ,single absorbents that have multiple function groups and that meet the requirements for industrial absorbents will be developed ;and thirdly ,inorganic and organic compound carbon dioxide absorbents will be developed.

关 键 词：二氧化碳捕集 有机胺吸收剂 乙醇胺 溶解度 挥发性 降解抑制剂 混合胺 

分 类 号：TQ226.31[化学工程—有机化工]