Pyropia churharii新品系的分离与特性分析  

Isolation and characterization of new strains of Pyropia churharii( Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

作　　者：张聪[1] 严兴洪[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第9期1457-1465,共9页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2012AA10A411);国家自然科学基金(31072208);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903030);国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2013GB2C220537);上海市科委重点科技攻关项目(10391901100);国家海洋局公益专项(201105008;201105023);上海高校水产学一流学科建设项目资助

摘　　要：为发掘新的紫菜种质资源,通过对印度产紫菜Pyropia churharii的野生型品系(PCWT)进行人工诱变处理,分离出具有生长和品质优势的新品系PC-Y1和PC-Y2。PC-WT品系的叶状体具有过度释放单孢子和生长缓慢的特性。PC-Y1品系的叶状体基本不放单孢子,藻体呈细长型,生长很快。PC-Y2品系的叶状体放散少量的单孢子,藻体较宽大,生长较快。日龄55 d时,PC-Y1品系的叶状体平均体长为91.30 cm,PC-Y2品系为15.26 cm,而PC-WT品系仅为5.31cm,两个新品系的生长优势非常显著。日龄45 d的叶状体叶绿素a含量,PC-Y1和PC-Y2品系明显比PC-WT品系高;PC-Y1和PC-Y2品系藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白的总含量分别为119.32和102.29 mg/g,分别是PC-WT品系的2.74倍和2.35倍。日龄45 d的叶状体厚度,PC-WT品系为32.48μm,PC-Y1和PC-Y2品系分别为20.86和27.98μm,两个新品系明显比野生型品系薄。贝壳丝状体的壳孢子放散量,PC-Y1、PC-Y2和PC-WT品系分别为101.16、143.44和175.17万个/壳。此外,与野生型坛紫菜相比,PC-Y1品系对高温(29℃)具有更好的耐受性。PC-Y1和PC-Y2品系不仅具有与条斑紫菜相似的特性,如藻体薄、品质好、放散单孢子,而且PC-Y1品系比野生型坛紫菜更耐高温,壳孢子放散量也更大、生长快、成熟晚,具有被大规模栽培的潜力。In order to develop new germplasm of Pyropia,the wild-type strain（ PC-WT） of Pyropia churharii from India were treated with60Co-γ ray to induce mutations,and then the new strains（ PC-Y1 and PC-Y2）with advantages in growth and quality were obtained. The PC-WT was characterized by slow growth and releasing archeospores excessively. One of the new strains was PC-Y1 with the characterizations of slender blade,rapid growth and almost releasing no archeospores. The other was PC-Y2 with the characterizations of wide blade,fast growth and a few archeospores releasing. When the blades of PC-WT,PC-Y1 and PC-Y2 were cultured for 55 days,their mean lengths were 5. 31 cm,91. 30 cm and 15. 26 cm,respectively,indicating that PC-Y1 and PC-Y2 grew significantly faster than PC-WT. In the 45-days-old blades of PC-WT,PC-Y1 and PC-Y2,the contents of chlorophyll a（ Chl. a） in PC-Y1 and PC-Y2 were obviously higher than that of PC-WT; and the contents of phycobiliprotein（ PE ＋ PC） in PC-Y1 and PC-Y2 were 119. 32 mg /g and102. 29 mg /g,respectively,which were 2. 74 times and 2. 35 times higher than those in PC-WT,respectively. Thickness of the 45-days-old blades of PC-Y1,PC-Y2 and PC-WT was 20. 86 μm,27. 98 μm and 32. 48 μm,respectively,which showed that both PC-Y1 and PC-Y2 were significantly thinner than PCWT. The quantities of the released conchospores of PC-Y1,PC-Y2 and PC-WT,were 1. 011 6,1. 434 4 and1. 751 7 million per shell,respectively. Furthermore,the PC-Y1 was superior to wild-type strain of Pyropia haitanensis in high-temperature（ 29 ℃） resistance. These results indicated that the characterizations of PC-Y1 and PC-Y2 were similar to those of Pyropia yezoensis,including thin gametophytic blades,good quality and archeospores releasing; in addition,compared with Pyropia haitanensis,PC-Y1 strain had better resistance to high-temperature,releasing more conchospores,higher growth rate and late maturation. Therefore,PC-Y1 strain had great potential to be applied in commercial cultivation.

关 键 词：紫菜 60Co-γ射线 新品系 单孢子 种质 

分 类 号：S968.4[农业科学—水产养殖]