鱼类神经坏死病毒研究进展与发展趋势  

Trend and research progress of nervous necrosis virus

作　　者：陈文捷[1,2] 刘晓丹[1] 胡先勤[1] 王文文[1] 秦真东 王瑶[1] 周洋[1] 刘小玲[1] 林蠡[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,水生动物医学系,湖北武汉430700 [2]华中农业大学淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]华中农业大学农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水产学报》2014年第9期1666-1672,共7页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31372563);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(52204-12020;2013PY069;2014PY035)

摘　　要：神经坏死病毒(nervous necrosis virus,NNV)是一种世界范围内流行、严重危害多种海水和淡水鱼类的传染性病原。NNV为单一正链、2节段RNA病毒,基因组由RNA1(3.1 kb)和RNA2(1.4 kb)组成。在病毒复制过程中,会合成亚基因组RNA3。RNA1编码RNA聚合酶。RNA2编码衣壳蛋白,为病毒的唯一结构蛋白。RNA3编码B1和B2两种非结构蛋白。根据病毒衣壳蛋白的基因序列,神经坏死病毒可以分成4种基因型,分别为拟鲹、红鳍东方鲀、条斑星鲽和赤点石斑神经坏死病毒基因型。但是,目前只发现A、B、C三种病毒血清型,A对应拟鲹神经坏死病毒基因型,B对应红鳍东方鲀神经坏死病毒基因型、C对应条斑星鲽神经坏死病毒和赤点石斑神经坏死病毒基因型。病毒存在垂直和水平两种传播途径,而且广泛分布于养殖和野生鱼类中。阻断病毒在野生与养殖鱼类之间的传播和开展新型鱼类疫苗研发是将来研究趋势。Nervous necrosis virus（ NNV） can cause mass mortalities of many marine and freshwater fishes in the world. The genome of NNV consists of two segments,positive sense,single strand RNAs,named RNA1 and RNA2. A sub-genomic RNA3 is synthesized during virus replication. RNA1 encodes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; RNA2 encodes capsid protein,the only viral structural protein,while RNA3 encodes B1 and B2 proteins,which are non-structural viral proteins. Based on the gene of the capsid protein,NNV are classified into four genotypes,named striped jack nervous necrosis virus（ SJNNV）,tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus（ TPNNV）,barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus（ BFNNV） as well as red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus（ RGNNV）. However,there are only A,B and C three serotypes of the virus,in which SJNNV belongs to A serotype,B belongs to TPNNV,BFNNV and RGNNV belong to C serotype. There are vertical and horizontal transmission pathways of the virus and it is widely distributed in wild-ranged and cultured fish. Blocking the transmission of the virus between wild and cultured fish as well as the development of novel vaccine will be the trend of the virus research in the future.

关 键 词：神经坏死病毒 病毒基因组 病毒蛋白 基因型 血清型 疾病防控 

分 类 号：S941[农业科学—水产养殖]