Insect host-parasite coevolution in the light of experimental evolution  

作　　者：Niels A. G. Kerstes Oliver Y. Martin 

出　　处：《Insect Science》2014年第4期401-414,共14页昆虫科学（英文版）

基　　金：The authors thank Camillo Berenos and Sonj a Sbilordo for comments, the Swiss National Science Foundation （SNF） for support （Ambizione grants PZ00P3-121777, PZ00P3- 137514, standard research grant 31003A_125144/1 to O. Y. Martin; N. A. G. Kerstes was supported by SNF grant 31003A120451 to K. Mathias Wegner）, and the Exper- imental Ecology group at ETH Ztirich for being such excellent hosts.

摘　　要：The many ways parasites can impact their host species have been the focus of intense study using a range of approaches. A particularly promising but under-used method in this context is experimental evolution, because it allows targeted manipulation of known populations exposed to contrasting conditions. The strong potential of applying this method to the study of insect hosts and their associated parasites is demonstrated by the few available long-term experiments where insects have been exposed to parasites. In this review, we summarize these studies, which have delivered valuable insights into the evolution of resistance in response to parasite pressure, the underlying mechanisms, as well as correlated genetic responses. We further assess findings from relevant artificial selection studies in the interrelated contexts of immunity, life history, and reproduction. In addition, we discuss a number of well-studied Tribolium castaneum-Nosema whitei coevolution experiments in more detail and provide suggestions for research. Specifically, we suggest that future experiments should also be performed using nonmodel hosts and should incorporate contrasting experimental conditions, such as population sizes or envi- ronments. Finally, we expect that adding a third partner, for example, a second parasite or symbiont, to a host-parasite system could strongly impact （co）evolutionary dynamics.The many ways parasites can impact their host species have been the focus of intense study using a range of approaches. A particularly promising but under-used method in this context is experimental evolution, because it allows targeted manipulation of known populations exposed to contrasting conditions. The strong potential of applying this method to the study of insect hosts and their associated parasites is demonstrated by the few available long-term experiments where insects have been exposed to parasites. In this review, we summarize these studies, which have delivered valuable insights into the evolution of resistance in response to parasite pressure, the underlying mechanisms, as well as correlated genetic responses. We further assess findings from relevant artificial selection studies in the interrelated contexts of immunity, life history, and reproduction. In addition, we discuss a number of well-studied Tribolium castaneum-Nosema whitei coevolution experiments in more detail and provide suggestions for research. Specifically, we suggest that future experiments should also be performed using nonmodel hosts and should incorporate contrasting experimental conditions, such as population sizes or envi- ronments. Finally, we expect that adding a third partner, for example, a second parasite or symbiont, to a host-parasite system could strongly impact （co）evolutionary dynamics.

关 键 词：artificial selection IMMUNITY NOSEMA REPRODUCTION resistance TRIBOLIUM 

分 类 号：S858.265.9[农业科学—临床兽医学] TP301.6[农业科学—兽医学]