Why women see differently from the way men see? A review of sex differences in cognition and sports  

为何女性和男性认识和判别事物有所不同?探讨性别在认知和运动中的差异(英文)

作　　者：Rena Li 

机构地区：[1]Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education.Roskamp Institute

出　　处：《Journal of Sport and Health Science》2014年第3期155-162,共8页运动与健康科学（英文）

基　　金：supported by the American Health Assistance Foundation(G2006-118);the National Institutes of Health(R01AG032441-01 and R01AG025888)

摘　　要：The differences of learning and memory between males and females have been well documented and confirmed by both human and animal studies. The sex differences in cognition started from early stage of neuronal development and last through entire lifespan. The major biological basis of the gender-dependent cognitive activity includes two major components： sex hormone and sex-related characteristics, such as sex- determining region of the Y chromosome （SRY） protein. However, the knowledge of how much biology of sex contributes to normal cogni- tive function and elite athletes in various sports are still pretty limited. In this review, we will be focusing on sex differences in spatial learning and memory -- especially the role of male- and female-type cognitive behaviors in sports.人类及动物实验研究证实男女之间学习和记忆存在明显差异。其差异起源于生命早期的神经元发育阶段并贯穿终生。一般认为,性别在认知功能上的差异的生物学基础主要包括两方面.性激素和与性别相关的基因特性,如Y染色体。运动不但在项目上具有男女不同,在同一项目的运动能力上也具有性别差异。然而关于性别生物学对正常认知功能和各项运动中优秀运动员的作用的研究还相当有限。本文重点关注男女在空间学习和记忆中的差异,以及性别相关的认知行为在运动中的作用。

关 键 词：Brain HORMONES Learning and memory in sports Sex-specific cognition 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]