产甲烷复合菌剂的性能评价及中试试验产气效果  

Performance of evaluation of methanogenic microbial inoculant and its effect of biogas production in pilot scale test

作　　者：王渝昆[1] 袁月祥[2,3] 李东[2,3] 胡亚东[2,3] 黄显波[4] 文昊深[4] 刘晓风[2,3] 彭绪亚[1] 闫志英[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045 [2]中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室,成都610041 [3]环境微生物四川省重点实验室,成都610041 [4]中国科学院成都有机化学研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第16期247-255,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB733502);四川省应用基础研究计划(2013JY0050);中国科学院重点部署项目(KGZD-EW-304-1);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAC06B02-01)

摘　　要：产甲烷菌对环境变化的敏感性很容易导致厌氧发酵失败，如何保证产甲烷菌的活性是厌氧发酵稳定进行的关键。在考察RY3、SH4、G1、G2和G3产甲烷菌株主要生理生化特征和拮抗作用的基础上，构建了产甲烷复合菌剂，并对产甲烷复合菌剂的 pH 值耐受性、温度耐受性和不同接种量进行了性能评价。结果表明：5株互补共生构建的产甲烷复合菌剂可在pH值5.5～10.5的范围内生长，且在pH值5.5～9.5的范围内培养3 d后甲烷总产量在1706.7～2026.7μmol之间，具有较优良的耐酸碱性能；产甲烷复合菌剂的生长温度范围在15～70℃，且在30～55℃范围内培养3d后甲烷总产量在1906.9～2028μmol之间，温度适应范围宽泛。产甲烷复合菌剂接种量试验表明，在低温20℃下，接种产甲烷合菌剂的试验组比未接种复合菌剂对照组在产甲烷的时间上平均缩短14 d，在高温50℃下，接种产甲烷复合菌剂的试验组比未接种产甲烷复合菌剂的对照组在产甲烷的时间上平均缩短5 d，无论低温还是高温下，复合菌剂的接种均可明显促进产甲烷过程的启动，缩短启动时间。中试产气效果及动力学分析表明，20℃低温下，接种10%复合菌剂的试验组21 d内沼气总产量和甲烷总产量均为接种10%活性污泥试验组的1.6倍；50℃高温下，接种10%复合菌剂的试验组21 d内沼气总产量为接种10%活性污泥试验组的2.7倍，甲烷总产量为2.8倍，无论低温20℃还是高温50℃下，接种复合菌剂的可显著提高厌氧发酵产沼气效率，缩短产甲烷进程，为厌氧发酵系统优化调控提供一种新的技术途径。The biogas fermentation is easy to fail resulting from high sensibility of methanogens to environmental change. So how to ensure the activity of methanogens is the key for anaerobic fermentation stability. A methanogenic microbial inoculant was constructed based on the physiological, biochemical characteristics and antagonisms of strain RY3, SH4, G1, G2 and G3. The performances of the inoculant under different pH values, temperatures and application rates of the methanogenic microbial inoculant were evaluated. It showed that the 5 strains had different physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as complementary roles. There were no antagonisms among 5 strains. The methanogenic microbial inoculant grew at pH value 5.5-10.5. Methane＆amp;nbsp;productions were 1 706.7-2 026.7μmols at pH value 5.5-9.5 after 3 days’ culture, that of different pH values showed no significant difference respectively. The results indicated that the methanogenic microbial inoculant is resistant to acid and alkali changes. The inoculant grew at 15-70℃ and methane productions were 1 906.9-2 028 μmols at 30-60℃ after 3 days’ culture, that of different temperatures treatment showed no significant difference respectively. The results indicated that the methanogenic microbial inoculant is adapted to a wide temperature range. At 20℃, total biogas yield of treatments 2%, 5%, 10% before 14 day were 234, 422 and 950 mL, and the methane concentration of treatments 2%, 5%, 10% on the 14th day were 46.9%, 51.2% and 58.9%respectively corresponding the treatments with 2%, 5%and 10%inoculation dosages of the methanogenic microbial inoculant. At 50℃, total biogas yield before 14 d were 2728, 3291 and 3 832 mL and the methane concentration on 14th day were 62.7%, 63.1%and 63.8%respectively corresponding the treatments with 2%, 5%and 10%inoculation dosages of the methanogenic microbial inoculant. The results indicated that the inoculation could shorten the starting time for methane production compared to the controls without inocul

关 键 词：厌氧发酵 甲烷 沼气 复合菌剂 耐酸碱 生长温度 甲烷总产量 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]