牧民家庭能源消费模式的演变及环境效应  

Evolution and environmental effect of household energy consumption pattern for herdsmen

作　　者：孙永龙[1,2] 牛叔文[1] 兰忠成 沈义[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]西北民族大学管理学院,兰州730030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第16期256-262,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41171437)

摘　　要：能源消费模式不仅受技术效率的制约,也是生活方式与社会文化等因素影响的结果。为掌握牧民定居后家庭能源消费模式的演变规律及环境影响,该文在对甘南牧区20个乡镇259个牧民家庭用能资料分析的基础上,分析了游牧、半定居、定居3种生活方式下能源消费模式的差异,以及主要温室气体及污染物的排放情况。结果表明:牧民定居后,生活方式发生了重大变化,并对牧区家庭能源消费模式产生了深远的影响。在消费总量上,人均能耗水平显著下降,从1 738.85减少到734.19 kgce(千克标准煤)。在消费结构上,商品能源的消费比例逐渐提高,生物质能消费数量明显减少,且呈现出多元化的趋势,太阳能的使用量有所下降。因为消费了较多的商品能源,综合热效率从15.74%、16.81%提高到19.96%,节能效应逐渐凸显。环境影响发生变化,CO2、N2O、CH4、NOx、TSP(总悬浮颗粒物)等主要温室气体及污染物的排放量都在显著减少,而因煤炭等商品能源消费产生的SO2排放量有所增加。家庭能源消费模式变化后产生了新的环境问题,牧区能源建设需进行系统规划。研究结果可为推动牧区节能减排和实现牧区可持续发展提供依据。Energy consumption patterns are not only restricted by the technical efficiency, but also the result of the impact of lifestyle and social cultural. The purpose of this paper is to master the evolution and environmental effect of household energy consumption patterns after herdsmen settlement. Based on the data analysis of 259 herdsmen household energy consumption in 20 towns on Gannan pastoral areas, this article has studied the differences of energy consumption patterns between nomadic, semi-settled, and settled lifestyle, and analyzed the emissions of major greenhouse gases and pollutants. The results show that： Overall, pastoral families mainly consume dung and other biomass, the per capita energy consumption is higher, but the energy quality is poor, and the majority of household energy consumption is still in a state of meeting the basic survival needs. After herdsmen settlement, the lifestyle has undergone major changes, and exerted a far-reaching influence on the pastoral household energy consumption patterns. On the total consumption, the per capita energy consumption level decreases significantly, reduces from 1738.85 to 734.19 kgce （kg of standard coal）, and is only 46.99% and 42.22% of the consumption under the semi-settled and nomadic lifestyle. There are two main reasons, one reason is that the heating time is shortened;another reason is that the substitution effect of commercial energy is obvious.. For the consumption structure, the quantity and proportion of commercial energy consumption are gradually increased; the number of biomass energy consumption is significantly reduced, and shows a trend of diversification. The way of using solar energy is shifted from generating power by photovoltaic panels to steering water by a solar cooker, and the quantity is declined. Although the amount of solar energy use is smaller, it has profound implications for improving the quality of herdsmen life, it solves the basic electricity needs of nomadic herdsmen. After the herdsmen settlement, pastoral househ

关 键 词：能源利用 排放 生物质 家庭能源消费模式 环境效应 牧民定居 甘南牧区 

分 类 号：S210.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]