注意瞬脱效应的个体差异  

Individual Differences in Attentional Blink

作　　者：陈江涛[1] 唐丹丹[1] 刘聪丛 陈安涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第10期1564-1572,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170980;81271477);全国博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目(201107);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-11-0698);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SWU1009001)

摘　　要：注意瞬脱是指个体在对同一位置出现的多个刺激进行识别时,如果第二个目标刺激出现在第一个目标刺激之后200~500 ms之间,那么个体对第二个目标刺激的识别会显著降低的现象。研究表明,注意瞬脱效应在健康人群中存在显著的个体差异,主要表现在工作记忆、对分心刺激的抑制能力、意向聚焦、情绪状态和人格等方面。近年来,注意瞬脱的个体差异也在多种神经疾病的临床研究中得到重视。未来的研究应更多关注注意瞬脱效应个体差异背后的神经机制以及应用研究。The attentional blink （AB） effect refers to the phenomenon of when participants exhibit an impaired ability to report a second target （T2） which appears within the time window of 200~500 ms after a first target （T1） within a stream of distractors. Recently, there has been a growing interest in investigating individual differences in the AB effect. The present paper firstly reviews recent studies which have explored individual differences in the AB effect from the cognitive, emotional, and personality perspectives. These differences have mainly been found to be embodied in working memory, the ability to inhibit distractors, dispositional focus, and personality. Recently, the individual differences in the AB effect have been highlighted in both clinical research and in terms of practical applications. Finally, we propose a new direction for research into the underlying of neural mechanism in the individual differences and the practical application.

关 键 词：注意瞬脱 个体差异 特殊群体 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]