微囊化技术研究进展及其在农药领域的应用  

Research advances and application prospects of microencapsulation techniques in pesticide

作　　者：李北兴[1] 张大侠[1,2] 张灿光[1] 管磊[1] 王凯[1] 刘峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/农药毒理与应用技术重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学农药环境毒理研究中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《农药学学报》2014年第5期483-496,共14页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303027)

摘　　要：综述了近年来常用的微囊化技术(喷雾干燥法、溶剂蒸发法、界面聚合法、原位聚合法、相分离法和自组装法)的研究进展及应用现状,并介绍了微流体及配位法两种微囊化新技术。结合国内农药微囊制剂的登记情况,提出应依据微囊化的目的开发相应的农药微囊产品,如掩蔽气味、抗光解、减少淋溶和飘移等,并应结合药剂的理化特性、防治对象、用药环境、施药方式、实践需要和最终的防治效果等综合因素,决定该农药是否适宜开发成微囊产品,并选择适宜的壁材、微囊化技术及剂型。指出种子处理剂微囊、果蔬保鲜剂微囊、植物精油微囊、昆虫性信息素微囊及土壤处理剂微囊是目前亟待拓展的微囊化研究方向,此外,芯材在不同环境中的释放动态、因缓释导致的农药残留问题及壁材的降解等也值得研究者关注。总之,研究开发安全、可降解的囊壁材料,探索高工效和真正具有控释效果的微囊化技术具有重要意义。Research advances and application prospects of common microencapsulation techniques including spray drying, solvent evaporation, interfacial polymerization, in situ polymerization, phase separation and self-assembly were summarized, and novel microencapsulation methods such as microfluidic technique and coordination method were introduced. Current situation of microcapsule registration in China was analyzed, and it was proposed that the development of microcapsule products should take the objective of microencapsulation into consideration, such as masking odors, anti-photolysis, reducing leaching and drift of active ingredients. Meanwhile, the physical and chemical characteristics of pesticides, the control targets, the application environment and methods, the practical requirements and the ultimate control efficacy were all factors that should be assessed to determine＆nbsp;whether the pesticides suitable for microencapsulation or not, and appropriate wall materials, microencapsulation methods and formulations should be selected. Further study on microencapsulation is needed, especially on microcapsule for seed treatment or soil treatment, microcapsule embedding fresh-keeping agent, essential oil or sex pheromone. In addition, more attention should be paid to the release dynamics of core material in different environment, pesticide residues due to slow release, degradation of wall materials and so on. It is very important to develop highly safe and biodegradable wall materials and explore microencapsulation techniques with high-efficacy and practical release-control capacity.

关 键 词：微囊化 微流体技术 配位聚合物 囊壁材料 控制释放 

分 类 号：TQ450.6[化学工程—农药化工]