夏季混养鳙和银鲫对凡纳滨对虾低盐养殖池塘浮游藻类群落结构的影响  

Effects of polycultured Aristichthys nobilis and Carassius auratus on phytoplankton community structure in low salinity culture ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei in the summer

作　　者：陈辉煌[1] 陆开宏[1] 郑忠明[1] 华建权 李越蜀[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教育部应用海洋生物技术重点实验室,宁波315211 [2]慈溪市海洋与渔业局,慈溪315300

出　　处：《生态科学》2014年第3期459-466,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家科技部科技支撑计划(2011BAD13B08);宁波市海洋与渔业局项目(2012-1-6)

摘　　要：基于2011年6—8月在浙江省慈溪市庵东镇凡纳滨对虾低盐(2—3.2)养殖塘调查取得的数据,分析了混养鳙和银鲫对凡纳滨对虾低盐养殖塘浮游藻类群落结构的影响。结果显示:(1)调查期间共检出浮游藻类5门32属48种,其中蓝藻门16种,绿藻门20种,硅藻门5种,裸藻门5种,隐藻门2种,主要优势种为螺旋藻(Spirulina sp.)、湖泊鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya limnetica)和湖生卵囊藻(Oocystis lacustris)等。(2)混养鳙和银鲫的虾塘浮游藻类平均生物量(22.7 mg·L-1)要低于仅混养银鲫的(32.6 mg·L-1)和单养对虾的(34.0 mg·L-1),其中混养鳙和银鲫与仅混养银鲫的蓝藻生物量所占比例分别为46.4%与45.1%,要低于对虾单养池塘的68.1%。(3)混养鳙和银鲫的虾塘浮游藻类群落相似度在中、后期较高,而仅混养银鲫的虾塘在后期相似度变化较大。因此,混养适当密度的鳙和鲫能够改善虾塘藻相,防止蓝藻过度增长,促进养殖期间生态系统的稳定性。In order to compare the effects of polycultured A. nobilis and C. auratus on phytoplankton community structure in low salinity（salinity of 2-3.2） culture ponds of L. vannamei, the phytoplankton species were investigated and identified from June to August 2011 in Andong town, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that（1） A total of 48 species were identified in 3 shrimp culture ponds, belonging to 32 genera of 5 phyla. They included 16 Cyanophyta species, 20 Chlorophyta species, 5 Bacillariophyta species, 5 Euglenophyta species and 2 Cryptophyta species. The dominant species were Spirulina sp., Planktolyngbya limnetica and Oocystis lacustris.（2） Average phytoplankton biomass in A. nobilis and C. auratus polycultured pond（22.7 mg·L-1） was lower than C. auratus polycultured pond（32.6 mg·L-1） and monoculture pond（34.0 mg·L-1）. The ratio of Cyanophyta to total biomass in A. nobilis and C. auratus polycultured pond（46.4%） and C. auratus polycultured pond（45.1%） was lower than monoculture pond（68.1%）.（3） The cluster analysis on phytoplankton community of different stages showed that the similarity of phytoplankton community in A. nobilis and C. auratus polycultured pond was high at mid-term and later period, while C. auratus polycultured pond fluctuated in later period. It concluded that a proper density of A. nobilis and C. auratus polycultured in shrimp ponds could improve the phytoplankton community structure, prevent excessive growth of Cyanophyta, and keep the pond ecosystem stabilization during the culture period.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 混养 低盐 浮游藻类 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学] S967.4[生物学—普通生物学]