变·变相·变文——从唐人黄元之“西域之变”说起  

Bian·Picture of Bian·Text of Bian——From HUANG Yuan-zhi's“Bian of the Western Regions”of the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：张正学[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学文学院,天津300387

出　　处：《求是学刊》2014年第6期134-141,共8页Seeking Truth

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目"中国古代俗文学文体形态研究";项目编号:TJZW08-2-019

摘　　要："变"原本是"画","变相"与"变文"不过是它的"相"与"文"而已。"变"应该原产于"西域",向东传入中土甚而日本,向西(或者说"南")传入印度、狮子国等"佛国"。"变"在其流传过程中不断吸收当地固有的绘画和文学的营养,演变出流行南亚、中亚,特别是东亚的"变"、"变相"、"变文"形式。"变"与"变相"估计东晋初年即已诞生,成熟因而具有独立文体品格的"变文"的出现可能要晚些,但仍有可能在北魏时期就诞生了。"变"之"相"与"文"是互相配合的,但"转"之"变"是"文主相辅"的,而壁画等非"转"之"变"则几乎都是"相主文辅"的。＂Bian＂ originally means ＂painting＂, and both the ＂Picture of bian＂ and the ＂Text of bi- an＂ are concerned with ＂picture＂ and ＂text＂. ＂Bian＂ should be native to the western regions, and it is introduced to the east to China, even Japan, and to the west （or ＂south＂） to ＂Buddha kingdoms＂, such as India and the Lion Kingdom. In the process of spreading, ＂bian＂ absorbs continuously the local inherent nutrition in painting and literature, and with the evolvement of ＂bian＂, the ＂picture of bian＂ and the ＂text of bian＂ are popular in South Asia, Central Asia, and particularly in East Asia. ＂Bian＂ and the ＂picture of bian＂ are estimated to come into being during the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the ＂text of bian＂ which is mature and has independent stylistic character maybe comes late, but it is still likely to be produced during the Northern Wei Dynasty. The ＂text＂ and the ＂picture＂ of ＂bian＂ cooperate with each other. In the ＂bian＂ of ＂singing indirectly＂, the ＂text＂ is the dominating one, and the ＂Picture＂ is the secondary one, while in the non-＂bian＂ of ＂singing indirectly＂ such as the mural, almost all the ＂picture＂ is the dominating one, and the ＂text＂ is the secondary one.

关 键 词：变 变相 变文 西域 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]