基于清宫档案的北疆地区旱灾特征分析  

Drought characteristics and disaster management in North Xinjiang based on royal archives in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：陈方舟[1] 李云鹏[1] 唐志勇 万金红[1] 谭徐明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [2]福鼎市气象局,福建福鼎355200

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2014年第6期53-57,共5页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2010CB951102)

摘　　要：近300年是新疆农业发展的重要时期,旱灾作为清代北疆地区对农业造成冲击最为严重的自然灾害之一,受到了当时政府的关注,因此清代故宫旱灾档案为历史上新疆旱灾社会特性的研究提供了重要信息。通过对清宫档案中有关新疆旱灾记录进行分析,发现清代旱灾分布的档案记载与当时政府的边疆军事政策有关,呈东多西少分布特点;进一步对旱情、赈灾内容分析发现,春季雨泽愆期、冬季融雪或夏季雨水稀少而导致的灌溉用水不足是北疆旱灾发生的主要自然原因;政府救济及时与否也是灾情影响大小不可忽视的社会因素之一。The recent 300 years are an important period for agricultural development in Xinjiang.Drought,one of the major disasters affecting agricultural development in North Xinjiang,had received high attention from the government of that time.Royal archives of Qing Dynasty provide an important data basis for the research of the drought characteristics in Xinjiang.In this paper,the royal archives of drought records in Qing Dynasty were analyzed.The results showed that the drought distribution characteristics are related to the military policy of Qing government with higher records in the east and lower records in the west.Moreover,shortage of irrigation water resulting from the delaying of rain in spring,lacking of winter snow melt,or rare summer rain is the main reason to cause the drought in North Xinjiang.In addition,government relief in time is also one of the social factors to affect the drought disaster conditions.

关 键 词：旱灾特征 社会响应 清代故宫档案 北疆地区 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]