西南山区采煤塌陷对水田土壤物理性质的影响  

Effect of coal mining subsidence on soil physical properties of rice field in mountain region of Southwest China

作　　者：陈朝[1,2,3] 李妍均[2,3] 邓南荣[1] 唐紫晗[2,3] 范兰[4] 吴乐芹[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所、广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州510650 [2]重庆地质矿产研究院外生成矿与矿山环境重庆市重点实验室,重庆400042 [3]煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室重庆研究中心,重庆400042 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第18期276-285,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(200911015-04);广东省科学院青年科学基金(qnjj201305)

摘　　要：为探讨西南山区采煤塌陷对水田土壤物理性质的影响及受损水田复垦途径，通过野外试验与室内测定方法分析了水田受损前后土壤物理性质的变化，结果表明：1）0～40cm受损水田土壤容重显著增加，含水率、孔隙度（0～20cm旱地1、2除外）显著下降；0～60cm土壤垂直剖面除含水量干化趋同外，构型及演替规律未发生变化；2）水田受损后黏粒含量与成土母质密切相关：0～20cm土层中＜0.005mm黏粒含量高低呈现旱地3（泥页岩风化物）＞旱地1（泥页岩＋灰岩风化物）＞旱地2（泥页岩＋灰岩＋砂岩风化物）变化，水耕历史较长、受损漏失严重的水田土壤黏粒（＜0.005mm）质量分数均值分布自上而下累积增加；3）试验点土壤剖面构型、成土母质是造成渗透流量和渗透速度随累计时间增加呈减小趋势和波动与趋稳现象的主要原因，采煤塌陷并未对土壤包气带层渗水性产生严重影响；4）根据试验数据分析结果，研究区受损水田复垦可优先选择泥页岩、灰岩风化物沉积区、水耕历史较长、渗透系数小于3m/d的沟谷区进行。该研究可为研究区采煤塌陷对水田土壤物理性质的影响提供系统诊断依据，并为受损水田复垦提供有效途径。Frequent and intense mining activity is the main cause of rice field conversion into dry land in the coal mining subsidence area in mountain region of southwest China. Study on causes, mechanisms and reclamation of rice field damage plays an important role in ensuring sustainable agriculture and food security in the study area. In order to understand the impact of coal mining subsidence on soil physical characteristic and develop reasonable land reclamation strategy, field test and laboratory analysis of controlled trials were conducted in mountain region of southwest China, and the soil bulk density, water content, porosity, mechanical composition, seepage discharge, seepage velocity and permeability coefficient were analyzed. The soil physical characteristic changes of rice field before and after damage were analyzed by drying method using cutting ring, hydrometer and the soil permeability test. The causes and mechanisms of water shortage of destroyed rice field were also explored. The results showed that： 1） In 0-40 cm soil layer, dry land soil bulk density increased compared with the control rice fields, while water content and porosity （excepted for dry land 1 and 2 in 0-20 cm soil layers） decreased obviously. Vertical soil profile structure and succession laws didn＇t change in 0-60 cm soil layer except the similar trend of soil water content losses in different soil layers; 2） Clay content of destroyed rice field was closely associated with parent material. Variation of clay content （〈0.005 mm） in 0-40 cm soil layer were presented as follow dry land 3 （shale efflorescence） 〉 dry land 1 （limestone and shale efflorescence） 〉 dry land 2 （limestone, sandstone and shale efflorescence）. The eluviation and illuviation effect became weaker in 20-40 cm soil depth after the conversion from destroyed rice field to dry land. Meanwhile, it was strong for hydroponic paddy soil of a long history, huge leakage and mean clay （〈0.005 mm） mass fraction of rice field soil after damage in

关 键 词：采矿 土壤 物理性质 塌陷地 矿区 水田 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学]