护士手部湿疹发病率及其致病因素的相关性分析和对策  

The prevalence and severity of hand eczema among nurses working in three hospitals in Harbin, as well as its possible associated risk factors

作　　者：张丹[1] 高敏[1] 刘萍[1] 王秀东[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省医院,黑龙江哈尔滨150036

出　　处：《世界最新医学信息文摘》2014年第28期488-490,492,共4页World Latest Medicine Information Electronic Version

摘　　要：目的：探讨护士手部湿疹的发病率并对致病因素进行相关性分析。方法选择黑龙江省哈尔滨市内三家有代表性的三级甲等医院，对从业护士做一次大规模的流行病学调查研究，总结分析出手部湿疹的发病率，探讨其发病相关因素；进一步和国内外的研究结果对比，并结合我省我市及我国的实际情况，提出护士手部湿疹的防治建议。结果三家医院一共随机选取了1322名来自于不同科室的护士进行问卷调查，两周后共有934名护士填写了调查问卷并返回，响应率为70.7%（934/1322）。手部湿疹的患病率大致为19.6%，自身和家族特异性体质者湿疹发病率高（68.0%：28.2%；18.5%：15.4%，P〈0.05）。在湿疹护士中，超过一半的护士（58.9%）每天洗手超过20次，大多数的护士（66.8%）工作期间曾戴保护性橡胶手套，在潮湿性工作之后并没有立即使用润滑剂的护士比例高达83.7%，27.9%的湿疹护士认为湿疹严重影响了工作和生活。结论自身或家族特异性体质的护士容易患手部湿疹，反复洗手，长时间的戴保护性橡胶手套、潮湿性工作之后不使用润滑剂均能导致手部湿疹的发生；手部湿疹的发生不仅需要经常请病假，还严重影响生活质量。Objective the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of hand eczema among nurses working in three hospitals in Harbin, as well as its psychosocial impact and any possible associated risk factors. Method the study took the form of a self-report questionnaire survey;1322nurses in three hospitals were asked to participate in the survey by completing the questionnaire and returning it anonymously within 2 weeks. Result 934 nurses returned the questionnaire and the response rate was 70.7%（934/1322）. the prevalence of hand eczema among the respondents was 83（19.6%）. More than 90% had moderate to severe hand eczema. statistical analysis showed that personal or family history of atopy, hand washing frequency of〉20 times per day, wearing gloves most of the time during work, no applying emollient after wet work were independent risk factors for hand eczema. Conclusion Hand eczema is common and severe among Harbin nurses. the results of this study suggest that hand eczema is an important problem for nurses and that preventive measures should be emphasized.

关 键 词：护士 手部湿疹 特异性体质 生活质量 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]