理性人、自利与道德性激励——评述奥尔森的集体行动理论  

Rational Man,Self-interest and Moral Incentives——A Study on Mancur Olson's Collective Action Theory

作　　者：刘华云[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第4期95-99,共5页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(13CZZ027)

摘　　要：奥尔森的集体行动理论以理性人假设为其逻辑出发点,区别于经济人假设。理性人假设以严格的工具理性计算行为成本-收益,抛弃了经济人假设中的行为动机与道德价值考量。但是奥尔森在集体行动理论中过多强调经济组织与集团成员个体的自利动机而造成理性人与经济人的混淆,由此导致学界认为奥尔森集体行动理论解释力薄弱,不能解释经验生活中慈善与宗教组织等大型集团的运行。研究发现,澄清奥尔森理论中的自利与理性、选择性激励和道德性激励的关系,可知利己与利他、选择性激励与道德性激励在集体行动理论中的统一,这极大丰富了奥尔森集团理论的解释力。Olson takes the hypothesis of rational human as the theoretical basis,which is f＇ffferent from the hypothesis of economic man. The hypothesis of the rational man rationally calculates the cost-benefit of behavior with strict tools, abandoning considerations of the behavior motivation and moral values of economic man. However, too much emphasis on economic organization and group members＂ individual self-interest motivation in the theory of collective action causes confusion of the rational man with the economic man. Scholars think Olson＇s explanatory power for the collective action theory is weak,for the theory can not explain the operation of charitable and religious organizations and other large groups. The study finds that clarifying the relationship of self-interest and rationality, selective and moral incentives in Olsen＇s theory, we can know the unification of self-interest and altruism, selective incentives and moral incentives in the collective action theory.

关 键 词：理性人 自利 选择性激励 道德性激励 

分 类 号：C91-06[经济管理]