基于扎根理论的优秀赛艇运动员“人—艇—桨一体感”结构研究  

Structure on “Rower-Boat-Oar Oneness Sense” of Elite Rowers:Based on Grounded Theory

作　　者：祝捷[1,2] 王长生[1] 陈彦端 张帆[1] 周强 邱宜均[4] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学体育学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]广东体育职业技术学院,广东广州510663 [3]广东省船艇训练中心办公室,广东广州510545 [4]武汉体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2014年第3期232-236,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要："一体感"是运动员长期训练与比赛形成的专项心理能力,是保障运动员发挥最佳竞技状态的基础。赛艇运动要求运动员在划行过程中对人、艇、桨、水具有良好的协调和控制能力。在赛艇日常训练和比赛中,运动员多使用"人艇合一"的感觉来描述对自身状态、动作技术和艇、桨的良好控制与清晰的认知,并对其自身竞技水平的发挥具有至关重要的作用。为了探讨赛艇运动员"人—艇—桨一体感"的结构特点,运用扎根理论,对来自湖北和广东省赛艇运动队的24名赛艇运动员与6名教练员进行半结构式访谈,通过对访谈结果进行开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码,得出赛艇运动员"人—艇—桨一体感"的结构包括:感知控制艇身能力(艇速感、艇平衡感、艇噪音感、艇滑座感、艇吃水感)、感知控制桨能力(桨出入水感、桨力感、桨频节奏感、桨叶位置感)、感知掌控对手能力(对手位置感、对手体力感、对手节奏感、对手战术感)和感知掌控队友能力(队友节奏感、队友协同感、队友战术感、队友体力感)4个大范畴和17个小范畴,并且它们之间相互协调形成一个有机整体,反映赛艇运动员对自身技术动作控制状态的感知能力,为赛艇运动员竞技能力发挥提供核心动力。ense of Oneness is a special mental ability of athletes cultivated in their long-term training and competition,which is also the foundation to guarantee rowers to reach their optimal state of performance. Rowing requires rowers have good coordination and controllability of body,oars,boat and water when in the course. In rowing training and competition,rowers use＂Rower-boat oneness＂to describe their own physical state,movement techniques,good control and clear cognition on oars and boat. Using grounded theory,the current study explored the structural characteristics of＂The sense of Rower-boat-oar oneness＂of elite rowers. Semi-structured interviews among 24 rowers and 6 coaches of Hubei and Guangdong Provincial Rowing Team were conducted. Then,thestructure of＂Rower-boat-oar oneness sense＂was revealed through open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,which contained 17 small categories and 4 main categories： the perception and controllability of boat（sense of speed,balance,noise,sliding seat and draft sense of the boat）,oar（sense of blades’ catch angle and finish angle,sense of blade force,rate,rhythm,position）,opponents（sense of opponents’ position,physical ability,rhythm,tactics）and teammates（sense of teammates’ rhythm,coordination,tactics,physical ability）. The mutual coordination among them forms an organic whole,which can reflect the rowers’ perception of their own movement techniques,control state. It provides the core power for the exertion of rowers’ competitive ability.

关 键 词：扎根理论 赛艇运动员 “人—艇—桨一体感” 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]