项目表述效应对自陈量表信效度的影响——以核心自我评价量表为例  

The Impact of the Wording Effect on Reliability and Criterion Validity of Self-report Questionnaires——The Case of the Core Self-evaluation Scale

作　　者：顾红磊[1] 温忠麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学心理应用研究中心/心理学院,广州510631

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第5期1245-1252,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271116);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(11JJD190005)的资助

摘　　要：项目表述效应是指由项目表述方式的差异引起的与测量内容无关的系统变异,项目表述效应模型本质上是一种双因子模型。本研究以核心自我评价量表(CSES)为例,探讨项目表述效应对自陈测验信效度的影响。采用CSES、生活满意度量表和情感平衡量表对340名"蚁族"进行测查。结果表明,CSES在核心自我评价特质以外,还存在一个反向题项目表述效应因子;忽视项目表述效应对CSES的同质性信度和效标关联效度有重要影响:高估CSES的同质性信度,低估核心自我评价与生活满意度、积极情感的正相关,高估核心自我评价与消极情感的负相关。When developing self-report questionnaires, researchers usually include negatively worded items to prevent response biases, such as acquiescence, affi rmation, and agreement bias. Yet this strategy that blends positively worded items with negatively worded items may lead to the method effect associated with the item wording（wording effect）, which might result in spurious variance in the relationships among the items. In research practice, however, researchers often ignore the potential wording effects： either directly construct a one-factor model, or calculate the total score of the whole scale as a manifest variable, then conduct a further study（e.g., the analysis of mediation or moderation effects）. This may not only inaccurately estimate the reliability, but also impact the correlations between the measured trait and other variables（e.g., the Criterion-Related Validity）, resulting in misleading conclusions. From the perspective of statistical analysis, the model with wording effects is a special bifactor model. The measured trait could be considered as the general factor, which explains the content variance among all the items, and the positive and negative wording effect could be accommodated by one or two group factors, accounting for the method variance introduced by the positively or negatively worded items. Under the orthogonality assumption between the general factor and group factors, the item response variance can be partitioned into the variance explained by the general factor（trait variance）, the variance explained by group factors（method variance） and the error variance, so researchers can compute the homogeneity coeffi cient and evaluate the impact of the wording effect on a unidimensional measurement model. Using the Core Self-Evaluation Scale（CSES） as an example, the current research aimed to examine the impact of wording effects on the reliability and validity of self-report questionnaires. A questionnaire including CSES, the Affect Balance Scale, and the Satisfactio

关 键 词：表述效应 双因子模型 信度 效度 核心自我评价 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]