马克思的现实观与中国道路  

Marx's View of Reality and the Chinese Road

作　　者：吴晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,教授上海200433

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2014年第10期4-21,205,共18页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"马克思主义与当代社会政治哲学发展趋势"(项目号:12&ZD106)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在黑格尔哲学中,现实概念不仅被定义为本质与实存的统一,而且是展开的过程,因而具有真正的历史性。马克思的现实观与黑格尔的现实概念有着最本质的联系。在与费尔巴哈及黑格尔错综复杂的关系中,马克思的现实观通过一种双重批判而逐步取得基本定向,并最终获得决定性奠基。马克思现实观的伟大变革意义在于:它根本不依赖于绝对者上帝或神秘的"主客一体",而完全从感性的—感性活动的—世界本身,来把握现实,来阐述现实的本质性一度。在关于中国道路的理解过程中,马克思的现实观要求我们要坚决地防止其转变为外部反思的抽象原则。外部反思根本不可能形成对中国道路的真正理解,因为它严重地遮蔽了社会现实,因为它实际上是以抹杀和阉割社会的实体性内容与差别为前提的。外部反思作为主观思想之最集中和最广泛的现代表现,不仅与马克思的现实观背道而驰,而且实际上退行到了黑格尔以前。In Hegel's philosophy,the concept of reality is defined not only as the unity of nature and presence,but also as the process of unfolding,and thus has true historic significance.Marx's view of reality and Hegel's concept of reality have a very essential connection.In the course of its complex relationship with Feuerbach and Hegel,Marx's view of reality gradually acquired its basic orientation through a kind of dual critique,ultimately obtaining its decisive foundation.The great reformist significance of Marx's view of reality lies in this fact:it never relies on an absolute God or mystical'union of the subject and the object,'but goes through perception—perceptual activity—the world itself to grasp reality and the essential nature of reality.In the course of understanding the Chinese road,the Marxist view of reality requires that we resolutely guard against changing it into abstract principles of external reflection.External reflection can never bring true understanding of the Chinese road,because to a great extent it hides social reality and is in fact based on the premise of obliterating and castrating the substantive contents of and differences between societies.As the most concentrated and extensive modern expression of subjective thought,external reflection not only runs counter to the Marxist view of reality,but also represents,in fact,a retreat to the pre-Hegelian age.

关 键 词：现实观 本质 实存 外部反思 中国道路 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]