损益框架和损益概率对不同年级儿童风险决策的影响  

The Effect of Framing and Probability of Profit and Loss on Risky Decision Making in Children from Different Grade

作　　者：王晓明[1] 顾子贝 杨昭宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学教育科学学院,曲阜273165

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第6期1372-1376,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：山东省软科学研究计划项目(2012RKB01108);曲阜师范大学教政项目(JG-ZZ12019);曲阜师范大学青年基金项目(XJ201155)的资助

摘　　要：采用简单决策任务考察儿童风险决策是否存在框架效应,探讨儿童风险决策的年龄发展趋势。实验1发现,儿童在获益情境下作出更多的保守决策,损失情境下作出更多的冒险决策;二、四年级比六年级儿童更冒险。实验2发现获益情境下,不同年级儿童冒险决策得分、不同损益概率下儿童冒险决策得分均满足线性趋势。这表明,二年级儿童风险决策已存在框架效应,具有概率判断认知能力;但获益情境下,年级越低,概率水平越高,儿童越冒险。Children＇s risk decision affects their life,the risk decision made by the children in their experiment situation can predict children＇s risky decisions and behavior in their real life.Therefore,the purpose of the study is to investigate how framework of profits and losses influence children＇s risk decision,and children＇s perception of different probability of profit and loss,and analyse the developmental trends of grade of children＇s risk decision. the research,we conducted two experiments to test these questions.Experiment 1 used the between-group design of 2 （framework of profit and loss： gain/loss）×3 （grade： grade two/four/six） to investigate the developmental characteristics of the risky decision made by 177children,according to the method of random sampling to choose 59 people in grade two,grade four and grade six,the result showed that： Children made more conservative decisions in benefit situation,while they made more risky decisions in loss situation,but children of grade two and grade four tend to be more risky than the children of grade six.it shows that framing effect exist in children＇s risk decision and children have cognitive ability to judge the probability. Experiment 2 conducted mixed design of 2 （framework of profit and loss： gain/loss）×3（probability of profit and loss： high/medium/low）×5（grade： grade two/three/four/five/six） to investigate the development characteristics of the risky decision made by 443 children,according to the method of random sampling to choose participants from grade two to grade six.it showed that（1） The interaction effect between grade and the profits and losses framework is significant.The risky scores in loss situation were significantly higher than that in benefit situation.The developmental lineal trends of grade did not exist significant differences in loss situation, but in benefit situation,children of grade two are more risky than grade six,children of grade three are more risky than grade four and grade six,t

关 键 词：儿童 风险决策 损益 框架效应 概率 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]