道德直觉分析:内涵、形成机制与加工判断机制  

The Analysis of Moral Intuition

作　　者：肖前国[1] 朱毅[2] 何华敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆文理学院教育学院认知与心理健康实验室,重庆402160 [2]西南财经大学国际商学院,成都611130

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第6期1473-1477,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

摘　　要：本文对道德直觉的内涵、形成机制、加工判断机制进行评述后认为:(1)道德直觉作为社会直觉的一种,既有一般社会直觉的一些共性,又有其特殊性。(2)目前尚无充分证据支持道德直觉的先天论主张,而基于"进化-文化-身体"的具身隐喻理论可能是道德直觉形成的重要机制。(3)道德直觉判断与个体对道德情境中的情绪认知以及道德情绪背后的道德规则或信念有着重要联系。Moral intuition is an important concept in recent moral judgment research. This paper makes a comment on theoretical and empirical advancement over the last ten years through three quiries--What is moral intuition？ What is the underlying mechanism of formation of moral intuition？ Is moral intuition motivated by emotions or rules？ Based on extant literature, the authors suggest that there are several conceptual and theoretical problems with the existing literature. For the first question, some researchers argue that moral intuition is a special social intuition which emphasizes the key function of emotions. Neural cognitive researches have found that moral intuitions is related to the function of certain brain areas such as cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, lateral prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, orbito-frontal cortex, and the temporo-parietal junction. These brain areas are also associated with processing of re-evaluation of emotional stimuli, motives and intentions. In addition, the authors also analyzed the essential difference between moral intuition and moral heuristic, and argues that they are two different concepts, for that the former emphasizes the rapidity and integrity of processing, while the latter emphasizes the utilization of simple rules that based on small samples in the short-term memory. However, these essential differences between moral intuition and moral heuristic were ignored by researchers. For the second question, both the universal moral grammar framework （UMG）and the moral foundation theory （MFT） take moral intuition as innate and modularized. However, the greatest challenge the two theories faced is that the modular view and its classification are inconsistent with findings in contemporary neuroscience. Based on studies of embodied coguiton and morality, the authors argue that the embody-metaphor framework of morality with emphasis on the evolution, culture and individual experience may be a promising direction of the origin and formation of moral intuition. The embody-

关 键 词：道德直觉 道德启发式 通用道德语法 道德基础理论 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]