从进化论视角看自我面孔识别加工  

Researching Self-face Recognition from the View of Evolutionary Psychology

作　　者：姚项哲惠 徐欣颖[1] 高湘萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第6期1524-1529,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：2012年度上海市教委科研创新重点项目(12ZS117)的资助

摘　　要：进化心理学家推测,自我认知是一组沿着不同进化历程发展起来的认知加工能力。史前人类的早期,自我面孔识别依赖于延展我的加工。我们对自我认知、自我意识的神经机制还知之不多,而它们对于理解人类行为复杂性又极其重要。自我面孔作为个体最显著的自我标识,可以作为探究延展我、私密我、概念我加工的独特刺激,对于揭示自我认知加工的机制具有重要作用。Face is a unique self-referential stimulus, presumably one＇s most distinctive physical feature. A lot of human self-face recognition researches have been done on phylogeny, development, processing advantage and social situation adaptation. According to the surmise of evolutionary psychologists, self-cognition is a set of cognitive processing abilities developed from different evolutionary courses. There are five forms of self, ecological self-knowledge, interpersonal self-knowledge, extended self-knowledge, private self- knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge. They have different evolution and development processes. Among them, self-face recognition is an important component. The development of self-face recognition relies on the processing of the extended self-knowledge. We can find its early form in the common ancestors of human beings,chimpanzees and bonobos lived in 6.5 to 4.5 Ma. In the later evolutionary process, private self-knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge appeared in succession. The whole process recapitulates itself in the mankind＇s individual development. With the combination of extended self-knowledge, private self-knowledge and conceptual self-knowledge, human beings developed complicated and diversified behavior. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals. At present, though it＇s just the beginning for studies of neuro-mechanism of self-cognition and self-consciousness, more and more attentions from different researchers were focused in this field. Using self-face as an object of the studies, a lot of works have been done on the neurological basis of self-face cognitive processing, allocation of attention, development characteristics, relationship between theory of mind （TOM） with self-concept, inhibition mechanism and its relationship with social adaption. Self-face, the most significant mark for human individual, can be used as a unique stimulus in the processing of extended self-knowledge, private self-knowledge and conc

关 键 词：自我意识 自我认知 自我面孔识别 进化心理学 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]