从文献记载追溯坩埚炼铁的源流  

Tracing Back to the Origin and Development of Crucible Smelting Through Documentary Records

作　　者：刘培峰[1] 李延祥[1] 潜伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学冶金与材料史研究所,北京100083

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2014年第2期216-222,共7页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

摘　　要：通过文献考证与技术类型分析相结合的方法对清代坩埚炼铁法的传播和演变进行归纳总结。成书于康熙四年(1664)的《颜山杂记》是目前所见最早记载坩埚炼铁技术的文献。山西阳泉地区两步法坩埚炼铁技术有两种:第一种(两步全用坩埚)在康熙年间传入山东博山,并吸收了当地焦炭冶炼琉璃的技术,形成了以焦炭为燃料的坩埚炼铁技术;第二种技术(第一步用坩埚,第二步用竖炉)于清初传入东北地区,并与传入该地的炼焦、炼铁技术相结合形成另一种以焦炭为燃料的坩埚炼铁技术,在这种技术不断的发展过程中,煤炭(无烟煤)逐渐取代焦炭作为燃料。By means of the textual researches of mathematical literatures and technology type analysis, this article summarizes the transmission and evolution of crucible smelting in Qing Dynasty. This paper argues that the work Yanshan Zaji is the first historical mention of the crucible smelting. There are two kinds of crucible smelting in the Yangquan area Shanxi province. One of them （the use of crucible in two steps） spread to Boshan, and assimilating the way of coke smelting glass, the tech- nology become coke crucible smelting. Another technology （the use of crucible in the first step, shaft use in the second step）spread to northeast China in the early Qing Dynasty, which integrating the technique of coking from Shandong grew up into a new coke crucible smelting. In the process of con- tinuous development, anthracite replaced coke as the fuel in this technology.

关 键 词：坩埚炼铁 源流焦 炭 

分 类 号：TF5-09[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]