水分胁迫对云南陆稻主要农艺性状的影响  

Effect of Drought Stress on Major Agronomic Traits of Yunnan Upland Rice Varieties Cultivated in the Paddy and Upland Field

作　　者：徐建欣[1,2] 杨洁[1] 李树忠 王云月[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院湛江实验站,广东湛江524013 [2]云南农业大学农业生物多样性与植物病害控制教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]西双版纳州农科所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第30期111-116,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"973"项目(2006CB100205);中央预算事业单位科研启动财政专项经费(zjky201303)

摘　　要：为了揭示水分胁迫对陆稻主要农艺性状的影响,以21个云南陆稻品种为材料,对其9个主要农艺性状在旱作和水培2种水分管理模式下的变化规律以及与旱作产量的相关关系进行分析。结果表明:陆稻旱作较水作生育期延长、有效穂数降低、实粒数减少、结实率下降、千粒重降低。水分胁迫下陆稻各主要农艺性状与抗旱系数的通径分析表明:陆稻的多种农艺性状均与其抗旱能力有着不同程度的依存关系,但是与旱作产量关系最密切、影响最大、最直接的还是有效穗数、实粒数、千粒重这3个指标。因此在陆稻栽培过程中,宜采用"稳穗、增粒、增重"的高产生产措施。通过采取适宜的措施,在适当增加穗数的前提下,通过提高陆稻的结实率和千粒重实现高产。Drought resistance of 21 upland rice varieties was studied by change of the major agronomic traits of upland rice varieties cultivated in the paddy and upland field, which was correlative with crop production. The result indicated that compared with paddy cultivation, the dry cultivation of upland rice varieties had longer growth date, lower effective fringe number, lower filled grains number, lower seed setting rate and lower 103 grain weight. Through correlation analysis, path analysis and regression analysis of major agronomic traits and drought resistance of upland rice varieties under water stress, we found that principal factors which influenced rice yield under the dry cultivation condition were effective fringe number, filled grains number and 103 grain weight. To achieve high yield under water stress, the high-yield production measures like stabilizing the number of effective fringe and increasing the number of filled grains per panicle and the weight of 103 grain should be applied in the cultivation process of upland rice.

关 键 词：陆稻 水分胁迫 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S511.6[农业科学—作物学] S332.4