贸易自由化、企业异质化与外向型经济  

Trade Liberalization, Firm Heterogeneity and Externally-Oriented Economy

作　　者：颜银根[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心,475001 [2]南京大学经济学院,210093

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2014年第11期37-46,共10页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(编号:13&ZD156);国家自然科学基金(编号:71373080);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(编号:14YJA790069);中国博士后科学基金(编号:2013M541629)资助

摘　　要：本文在新经济地理学自由资本模型的基础上纳入异质性企业贸易理论,构建了包含贸易自由化、企业异质性以及外向型经济的空间一般均衡模型。通过数理分析和数值模拟,本文研究发现:(1)企业生产效率的差异形成"自我选择效应",即生产效率最高的企业选择对外直接投资、生产效率次之企业选择国际贸易、生产效率较低企业选择供应本地市场,从而对外贸易与外商直接投资可同时大幅增长;(2)当企业生产效率以及市场进入成本存在异质性时,Krugman(1991)所述的完全核心-边缘结构可能并不存在,取而代之的是不完全集聚的核心-边缘结构;(3)无论是贸易自由化还是企业异质化,都能有效地促进贸易以及外商直接投资额的增加,并且贸易自由化和企业异质化程度越高,对外贸易以及外商直接投资额越大。By incorporating the heterogeneous firm trade theory into the footloose capital model of new economic geography, this paper builds a general equilibrium spatial model encompassing liberalization, heterogeneity and externally-oriented economy. Through mathematical analysis and numerical simulation, this study comes up with the following conclusions. First, firm＇ s inequality of productivity induces the ＂self-selection effect＂, which means firms of best productivity will choose outward foreign direct investment（OFDI）, while firms of relatively less productivity will choose export trade, and firms of least productivity will target on the local market; thus a considerable growth in both OFDI and trade. Second, the complete core-periphery structure described by Krugman（1991） may not appear if there is heterogeneity of the entrance cost and firm productivity; in such as case,the incomplete core-periphery appears instead. Third, both trade liberalization and firm heterogeneity could expand the trade and FDI; the higher the level of trade liberalization and firm heterogeneity, the larger the volume of trade and FDI.

关 键 词：贸易自由化 企业异质性 外向型经济 自我选择效应 

分 类 号：F270.7[经济管理—企业管理]