味觉神经损伤与再生对动物味觉功能影响的研究进展  

Progress in the effects of injury and regeneration of gustatory nerves on the taste functions in animals

作　　者：范媛媛[1] 于东明[2] 史玉娟[2] 闫剑群[1] 蒋恩社[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院生理学与病理生理学系,西安710061 [2]河南大学公共卫生研究所,开封47004

出　　处：《生理学报》2014年第5期519-527,共9页Acta Physiologica Sinica

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371027);the Leading Edge Technology Research Program of Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province,China(No.132300410270)

摘　　要：味觉的感受器是味蕾,来源于味蕾的味觉信号通过味觉神经传递到味觉中枢神经系统。鼓索神经和舌咽神经是支配舌面味蕾的两大主要味觉神经,它们分别支配着前舌和后舌的味蕾。味觉神经损伤可以引起所支配的味蕾萎缩、退化、消失,进而导致部分味觉功能受损,受损的味觉功能则可以在味觉神经再生后得到恢复。味觉神经交叉再生支配大鼠模型是研究中枢神经系统可塑性变化的重要平台。味觉神经交叉再生支配后,动物的行为学反应和味觉神经的电生理特性都发生了很大的变化。本文综述味觉神经损伤、再生以及味觉神经交叉支配对动物味觉功能的影响,并对味觉神经交叉再生支配动物模型以后的研究方向进行展望。味觉神经损伤、再生和交叉再生支配的研究不仅有助于揭示味觉神经系统可塑性变化的机制,也将为临床上寻找治疗味觉障碍患者的方法和技术提供理论基础和新的思路。The sensor of the taste is the taste bud. The signals originated from the taste buds are transmitted to the central nervous system through the gustatory taste nerves. The chorda tympani nerve（innervating the taste buds of the anterior tongue） and glossopharyngeal nerve（innervating the taste buds of the posterior tongue） are the two primary gustatory nerves. The injuries of gustatory nerves cause their innervating taste buds atrophy, degenerate and disappear. The related taste function is also impaired. The impaired taste function can be restored after the gustatory nerves regeneration. The rat model of cross-regeneration of gustatory nerves is an important platform for research in the plasticity of the central nervous system. The animal behavioral responses and the electrophysiological properties of the gustatory nerves have changed a lot after the cross-regeneration of the gustatory nerves. The effects of the injury, regeneration and cross-regeneration of the gustatory nerves on the taste function in the animals will be discussed in this review. The prospective studies on the animal model of cross-regeneration of gustatory nerves are also discussed in this review. The study on the injury, regeneration and cross-regeneration of the gustatory nerves not only benefits the understanding of mechanism for neural plasticity in gustatory nervous system, but also will provide theoretical basis and new ideas for seeking methods and techniques to cure dysgeusia.

关 键 词：味觉 神经损伤 再生 交叉再生 

分 类 号：R338[医药卫生—人体生理学]