3～5岁听障儿童气质特点及影响因素研究  

The Temperamental Characteristics of Hearing-impaired Children Aged 3-5 and the Influential Factors

作　　者：申敏[1] 牛凤兰[1] 卢晓月[1] 刘舵[1] 刘爱姝[1] 马艳芳[1] 梁巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国聋儿康复研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2014年第5期362-366,共5页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的考察3～5岁听障儿童的气质特点及其影响因素，为康复训练提供参考依据。方法选取111名3～5岁听障儿童，采用3～7岁儿童气质问卷施测。结果3～5岁听障儿童在气质各维度上的表现倾向不同（P〈0．05），适应度维度得分最高，其次为趋避性、心境、注意分散度和规律性，注意力持久性和反应阂得分最低。儿童性别、主要照顾人及其受教育水平、职业、家庭结构对听障儿童气质的多个维度具有显著影响（P〈0．05），主要表现在反应强度、注意力持久性、规律性、注意分散度、活动量、心境和适应度维度；助听设备和康复时间对听障儿童气质特点影响不明显（P〉0．05）。结论3～5岁听障儿童的气质受家庭、社会环境等多方面因素影响，但在具体特征上有其独特性。Objective To explore the temperamental characteristics of 3-5-year-old children with hearing impairment under the total rehabilitation mode and the influential factors so as to provide references for the rehabilitation training. Methods A total of 111 hearing-impaired child aged 3-5 were investigated with the Parent Temperament Questionnaire （PTQ）. Results The hearing-impaired children had different performance in different dimensions （P〈0.05）, with the highest score in the adaptability dimension, followed by approach-withdrawal, mood, distractibility and rhythmicity, and the lowest scores in persistence and threshold of reaction. The gender of children, types, occupations and education levels of main caregivers and family structures had significant effects on the children＇s temperament in some aspects, mainly in intensity of reaction, persistence, rhythmicity, mood, distractibility and adaptability dimensions （P〈0.05）. The hearing devices and rehabilitation time had no significant effect on the temperament（P〉0.05）. Conclusion 3-5-year-old children with hearing impairment have distinct characteristics in the temperament, which can be influenced by many factors such as gender of children, types, education levels and occupations of main caregivers and family structures.

关 键 词：听障儿童 助听器 人工耳蜗 气质 影响因素 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]