基于小孢子培养创制的青梗菜四倍体鉴定与利用  

Identification and Utilization of Tetraploid Pakchoi(Brassica rapaL.ssp.chinensis L.) Based on Microspore Culture

作　　者：周年英 章云[1] 牛瑞青[1] 陈颖[1] 范洪华[1] 刘畅[1] 冯辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第10期1992-1998,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家863计划(2012AA100202-4);农业部国家大宗蔬菜现代产业体系细胞育种岗位专项(CARS-25-A-03)

摘　　要：以通过小孢子培养获得的青梗菜小孢子植株自交后代群体为试材,利用形态学鉴定、流式细胞仪鉴定和根尖染色体计数法筛选四倍体,选择优良的四倍体株系配制杂交组合,通过品种比较试验、营养品质和耐抽薹性分析筛选优良杂交组合。结果表明:(1)从232株青梗菜小孢子植株自交后代群体中共鉴定出76个四倍体纯系,四倍体比率达到32.76%,并以"自交系间杂种"的四倍体频率最高;这些四倍体品系表现出生长健壮、主茎变粗、花器官变大、自交结实率降低等特征。(2)利用11个自交结实率较高、园艺学性状优良的四倍体株系配制15个杂交组合,大部分杂交组合具有显著的杂种优势。(3)四倍体青梗菜植株的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均比二倍体显著增加,而有机酸、粗纤维含量则明显降低,且大部分有较强的耐抽薹性。(4)四倍体杂交组合‘T11×T10’园艺学性状优良、杂种优势强、营养成分含量高、耐抽薹,产量分别显著高于二倍体对照‘青梗菜5号’和‘青梗菜9号’40.93%和32.37%,是一个商品性状优异的四倍体青梗菜杂交组合。Morphological characteristics, flow cytometry and chromosome number were used to screen and identify tetraploidy plants from experimental materials through micropore culture, and excellent tetraploid lines were selected as parents to mate combinations randomly. And using various comparison tests, analysis of nutritional content and bolting tolerance to choose excellent combinations. It provides certain theoretical fundamental and practice methods of polyploid breeding in pakchoi. These results shows that.（1）76 tetraploid lines were identified from 232 DH（doubled haploid） group in pakchoi,and average of tetraploid ratio reached 32. 76%, the highest one was ＇Inbred lines hybridS. These tetraploid plants showed robust growth, dilatation of the main stem, flower organ huge,low selling seeds setting rate and other characteristics. （2）11 tetraploid lines with high selling seeds setting rate and excellent horticultural traits were selected as parents to mate 15 combinations randomly. And most hybrids were proved to have significant heterosis and higher yield compared with two diploid controls. （3）Contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein of tetraploid plants increased significantly than that of diploids. However, contents of organic acid and cellulose were obviously reduced. Moreover,most tetraploids had strong bolting resistance. So, it provides parent materials to create tetraploid hybrids which are high nutritional quality and bolting-tolerant. （4）Tetraploid hybrid combination ＇Tll xT10’ has superior horticultural traits, strong heterosis, high nutritional quality and bolting resistance,also its yield was significantly higher than that of diploid controls ＇No. 5＇and ＇No. 9＇ with 40.93% and 32.37% ,respectively. So,it is a wonderful tetraploid hybrid in pakchoi with excellent commodity properties.

关 键 词：青梗菜 四倍体 杂种优势 营养品质 耐抽薹性 

分 类 号：Q943.1[生物学—植物学]