生态补偿问题国外研究进展综述  

Review of Research Progress Abroad in Payments for Ecosystem Services

作　　者：袁伟彦[1] 周小柯[2] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学政治与行政学院,广西桂林541004 [2]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第11期76-82,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"可持续发展理论与解决西部地区贫困问题研究"(编号:10BKS024)

摘　　要：生态补偿已成为当前国际公认的重要的生态环境保护手段之一,在世界各地得到了广泛实践,也引发了众多学者的关注。本文尝试通过全面梳理近年来发表于国外主流期刊的相关研究文献,详细述评国外关于生态补偿的概念、机制设计与效应评估等核心问题的研究进展。结果发现,首先,除了体现以激励换取生态服务这一共同点之外,国外生态补偿的概念内涵并不一致,从理论基础上看,则主要源自于科斯或庇古经济学。其次,由于理论出发点不同、技术制约以及制度与文化背景等的差异,国外不同生态补偿实践在包括参与者、补偿标准、支付条件和补偿方式在内的机制设计上也各不相同,而这些都直接导致了生态补偿效应评估上的困难,以及针对生态补偿作用的诸多争议。由此,我们认为,完善相关理论,强调异质性,将成为未来生态补偿研究需要重点面对的问题。Nowadays,Payment for Services （PES） is internationally recognized as an important means of ecological and environmental protection,has been widely applied around the world and inspired many scholars＇ concerns.This paper tries to collect and analyze the relevant research literatures published in recent years on international mainstream journals and reviews the research progress abroad in the concept,mechanism design and effect evaluation of PES in detail.First,we find there are inconsistencies in the connotation of PES concepts except the common view providing incentives to encourage environmental services,and theoretically they are mainly based on Coasean or Pogouvian economics.Second,due to different theoretical starting point,technology deficiency,institution and cultural background heterogeneity,there are also divergences in mechanisms design of foreign PES projects,including participants,payment levels,conditions and payment method,which makes it difficult to evaluate efficiency of PES,as a result,the role of PES is being questioned widely.Therefore,we believe that the important issues in future PES research are perfecting the theoretical system and highlighting the heterogeneity.

关 键 词：生态补偿 研究进展 国外 综述 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]