对人力资本形成理论的新认识  

New understandings on the theory of the formation of human capital

作　　者：马红旗[1] 王韧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871

出　　处：《经济学家》2014年第12期33-41,共9页Economist

摘　　要：目前,学术界对人力资本形成理论的认识主要有两个阶段;一是个体的决策和努力对人力资本形成的影响,主要强调供给因素;二是经济载体对人力资本形成的影响,主要从"干中学"展开论述,开始强调需求因素。本文认为:仅从供给层面讨论的"人力资本"实属潜在人力资本,潜在人力资本必须在容纳竞争、激励机制的体制环境下与经济载体相结合才能形成真实人力资本;"干中学"思想开始从需求角度认识真实人力资本,但因缺乏制度分析,又遇到种种挑战与质疑。据此,论文对现代人力资本理论对人力资本形成的认识进行了总结并回顾了这一理论面临的挑战,最终对人力资本的形成理论提出了新的观点和看法。At present, the academic circle has got some understandings on the theory of the formation of human capital. There are two stages： one is the influence of individual decision and efforts on the formation of human capital, stressing the supply factor; the other is the influence of economic carriers on it, discussing on＂learning from the field work＂ and starting to stress the demand factor. This paper holds that： ＂human capital＂ on the supply level could be potential human capital, and to become real human capital, it ought to be combined with economic carriers under the institutional environment of accommodation, competition and incentive mechanism. The thought of ＂learning from the field work＂ starts to recognize human capital from the demand perspective, but it lacks in institutional analysis and encounters various challenges and query. As a result, this paper generalizes the understandings on the formation of human capital on the perspective of the modern theory of human capital, reviews the challenges, and finally proposes new viewpoints and ideas on it.

关 键 词：人力资本形成 “干中学” 体制转型 

分 类 号：F24[经济管理—劳动经济]