无人机软着陆气囊缓冲特性研究  

Research on Cushioning Characteristics of UAV Soft Landing Airbags

作　　者：蔡文[1] 李斌[1] 温金鹏[2] 王力[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,陕西西安710072 [2]中国工程物理研究院,四川绵阳621000 [3]西北工业大学第365研究所,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《兵工学报》2014年第11期1867-1875,共9页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11172238);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07050)

摘　　要：以上单翼布局无人机为对象,建立软着陆气囊缓冲系统的简化解析模型,开展了气囊软着陆系统缓冲特性的研究。在此基础上,进一步确定气囊设计参数的可行取值域,选取气囊初始设计参数。之后,构建缓冲系统的动力学有限元模型,分析了气囊设计参数及着陆姿态对于缓冲效果的影响。研究结果表明,正常着陆工况下,解析模型得到的气囊设计参数对无人机质心过载峰值的影响规律与有限元分析结果基本一致,不过由于解析模型中引入了多个假设,两种方法得到的过载峰值大小存在差异。当着陆存在初始姿态角时,会加重无人机缓冲过程中的俯仰与滚转运动,易造成机体的损坏。为了避免二次硬冲击带来的局部意外损害,提出一种组合型气囊设计方案。仿真分析表明,应用组合型气囊可以在缓冲后段提供有效的软支撑作用,避免无人机发生二次硬冲击和反弹翻覆。For an unmanned aerial vehicle（ UAV） with high-mounted wings,a simplified analytical model is established to analyze the cushioning characteristics of a soft landing airbag system and determine the initial design parameters of the soft landing airbags. A finite element model is established and a series of simulations are conducted to analyze the influence of design parameters and landing attitude angle on cushioning characteristics. Numerical results show that the results obtained by FEM and the analytical model are the same,but the errors of impact response values calculated by two models are still 5% ~12. 5% because of the introduction of some assumptions in the analytical model; and the existence of initial landing attitude angles makes the pitch and roll motions of UAV much worse in the later stage of landing process,so that the rigid impact occurs easily. However,a vented airbag system is incapable of avoiding the local damage caused by the rigid impact. The study also shows that the proposed hybrid airbag scheme can provide a reliable soft support in the later stage of soft landing process and reduce the risk ofsuffering the rigid impact.

关 键 词：航空、航天科学技术基础学科 无人机 排气型气囊 组合型气囊 俯仰角 滚转角 

分 类 号：V279[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]