污损性管栖多毛类生态特点及研究展望  

An overview of fouling sedentary polychaetes

作　　者：严涛[1,2] 张慧[1,2] 李韵秋[3] 曹文浩[1] 胡碧茹[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南海海洋研究所热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室,广州510301 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国防科学技术大学理学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第21期6049-6057,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41176102;31100260);广州市科技计划项目(2013J4300046);广东省海洋与渔业科技推广专项重点项目(A201101F03)

摘　　要：污损性管栖多毛类属环节动物门,主要由龙介虫科(Serpulidae)、螺旋虫科(Spirorbidae)、缨鳃虫科(Sabellidae)和蛰龙介科(Terebllidae)4科55种组成,以华美盘管虫(Hydroides elegans)、内刺盘管虫(H.ezoensis)、龙介虫(Serpula vermicularis)和克氏无襟毛虫(Pomatoleios kraussii)等种类为优势种,通常成批的附着在物体表面,严重影响人工设施的安全和性能。污损性管栖多毛类的分布具有明显的地域性和季节性,并与深度有关。今后工作应进一步开展管栖多毛类基础生物学研究,探讨外来种的入侵及影响,丰富和发展生态和分类等方面的研究内容。Sedentary polychaetes are conspicuous with numerous species in marine environments.They can also be a major component of fouling communities.As fouling organisms,they can be divided into four families（ Serpulidae,Spirorbidae,Sabellidae and Terebllidae） with a total of 55 species identified,of which the dominant species are Hydroides elegans,H.ezoensis,H.diramphus,H.norvegicus,H.operculatus,Pomatoleios kraussii,Serpula vermicularis,Spirobranchus polytrema,S.tetraceros,Ficopomatus enigmaticus and Thelepus cincinnatus.Sedentary polychaetes usually live in tubes,which they themselves secrete.Tubes are either attached to surfaces or to each other forming tangled batches;such tubes are difficult to remove even when the occupying worms have died.Their larvae can settle on various underwater man-made substrata,and post-settlement tube growth may cause serious impairment problems such as adding weight to buoys,decreasing ship speed（ more fuel consumption,so increasing CO2emission）,blocking seawater pipelines and aquaculture nets.Fouling sedentary polychaetes are widely distributed in tropical,subtropical and temperate waters.However,they are not homogeneously distributed over the different biogeographical regions.In the Pacific Ocean the common species are Hydroides elegans,H.ezoensis,H.centrospina,H.longistylairs,H.multispinosa,H.prisca,Serpula cf.hartmanae and S.tetratropia.Whereas Ficopomatus uschakovi,Hydroides heterocerus,H.minax and Spirobranchus semperi are only found in the Indian Ocean and Hydroides brachyacanthus,Serpula concharum,Spirobranchus lamarcki and Pseudovermiliaoccidentalis mainly occur in the Atlantic Ocean.Fouling sedentary polychaetes range from shallow coastal habitats to deep water.However,most previous work is restricted to coastal waters as studies in the deep ocean are rare.Moreover,different species prefer particular substrata.For example Pomatoleios kraussii and Hydroides operculatus tend to settle on the hulls of ships,whereas H.ezoensis and H.diramphus are generally abundant on quay

关 键 词：污损性多毛类 种类组成 分布 附着 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]