基于驾驶模拟器的驾驶人制动后制动踏板操作行为分析  

A Driving Simulator for Collision Avoidance Behavior after Braking

作　　者：王雪松[1] 游世凯 陈铭[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室,上海201804

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2014年第5期30-35,共6页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：同济大学道路与交通工程教育部重点实验室开放基金课题(批准号:2013100)资助

摘　　要：制动过程主要由制动前的反应过程以及制动后的减速过程组成。研究制动后避撞行为对于理解驾驶人的避撞行为、建立制动曲线模型等有着重要作用。利用配有8自由度运动系统的高仿真驾驶模拟器,研究了驾驶人在不同前车减速度(0.3,0.5,0.75g)和不同车头时距(1.5,2.5s)的制动后制动踏板操作行为。利用ANOVA模型分别比较了驾驶人制动后制动踏板操作行为参数的差异。结果表明,踩踏板速率随着制动时车头时距的减少而增加,并且随着前车减速度的减少而减少;新手驾驶人的踩踏板速率普遍大于经验驾驶人;相比于前车速度的改变,驾驶人对制动时车头时距的变化更加敏感。The brake process is composed of brake reaction and the vehicle deceleration after braking. In order to understand driver＇s collision avoidance behavior and develop a model of braking curve, it is important to understand how drivers behave after braking. Experiments are carried out over an eight-degree-of-freedom driving simulator. The behav- iors of drivers after braking with different deceleration （0.3g, 0.5g, 0.75g） from the Lead Vehicle＇s （LV） and different initial headways （1.5s, 2.5s） are analyzed. ANOVA is used to compare the braking maneuvers after braking across the above conditions. The results show that a） the Brake Pedal Rate is significant higher with short braking headway and is lower with small LV deceleration; b） the experienced drivers tend to have higher brake pedal rate compared to the novice drivers; c） compared with the changes in LV＇s deceleration, a driver is more sensitive to the change in headway.

关 键 词：交通安全 踩踏板速率 方差分析 驾驶模拟器 制动避撞行为 追尾事故 

分 类 号：U27[机械工程—车辆工程]