论国内独立保函与备用信用证在我国的法律地位——兼评最高人民法院独立保函司法解释征求意见稿  

The Position of Domestic Demand Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit in China——Commentary on the Draft Judicial Interpretations of the Supreme People's Court on Demand Guarantees

作　　者：高祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2014年第6期1-16,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：教育部2010年度规划基金项目"独立担保法律问题研究"(10YJA820022)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：由于法律传统以及对信用证、备用信用证和独立保函的商业适用与法律性质认识不足,我国在司法实践中不承认国内独立担保的法律效力,不了解《最高人民法院关于审理信用证纠纷案件若干问题的规定》可以适用于备用信用证,使得国内独立保函与备用信用证的法律适用出现不应有的局面。本文从这些金融工具的交易流程、法律特征以及国外和国际有关的法律与规则入手,揭示其法律性质,在此基础上讨论国内独立保函与备用信用证在我国的法律地位,认为无论从法学理论、国外经验,还是商业实践看,都应承认国内独立保函的法律效力,建议正在起草的独立保函司法解释涵盖备用信用证,并将其标题修改为"最高人民法院关于审理独立保函和备用信用证纠纷案件若干问题的规定"。Due to legal tradition and lack of knowledge with regard to the commercial usage and the legal nature of letters of credit, standby letters of credit and demand guarantees, not only domestic independent guarantees are not recognized by courts in China, but people also don＇ t know that the Rules of the Supreme People＇ s Court concerning Several Issues in Adjudicating Letter of Credit Cases can be applied to standby letters of credit, which has led to the awkward position for the application of law to standby letters of credit and domestic independent guarantees. To explain the legal nature of these instruments, this Article has examined the commercial mechanism, the legal features, laws of other countries and international rules and conventions with respect to them. Based on those discussions, this Article has examined the position of domestic demand guarantees and standby letters of credit in China, has formed the view that domestic demand guarantees should be recognized in China either on the basis of legal theory, foreign experience or commercial practice, and has suggested that the judicial interpretation being drafted cover both demand guarantees and standby letters of credit, and its title to be changed into Provisions of the Supreme People＇ s Court on Several Issues in Adjudicating Cases of Demand Guarantees and Standby Letters of Credit.

关 键 词：信用证 国内信用证 独立担保 独立保函 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.28[政治法律—法学] D996