杏鲍菇深加工残渣多糖酶法微波辅助提取工艺优化  

Optimization of microwave-assisted enzyme extraction process of polysaccharide from Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue after deep treatment

作　　者：柯乐芹[1] 张东旭[1] 肖建中[1] 

机构地区：[1]丽水学院生态学院,丽水323000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第21期332-338,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：浙江省十二五重大专项(2012C12012-1);浙江省丽水市科技计划项目(2011NZH0209)

摘　　要：为了研究杏鲍菇残渣中多糖的酶处理-微波辅助提取工艺及生物活性,该文以杏鲍菇深加工后的残渣为原料,在纤维素酶处理的基础上,微波辅助法提取杏鲍菇多糖;利用响应面试验设计对提取工艺条件进行优化,并与传统热水提取方法进行比较;对杏鲍菇多糖进行抗氧化和抑菌活性评价。结果表明,微波辅助提取杏鲍菇多糖的较佳条件为:水料比35∶1 m L/g,提取时间15 min,微波功率570 W,此条件下多糖的提取率为12.11%±1.02%,比热水提取高出41.21%,且提取时间缩短了105 min。杏鲍菇多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作用,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为22.9、19和21.1 mg/m L,对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑制作用,其最低抑制质量浓度分别为8、16和16 mg/m L,对黑曲霉和酿酒酵母没有明显的抑制作用。研究结果为进一步开发杏鲍菇多糖功能和利用杏鲍菇残渣提供一定的技术依据。Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of valuable edible and medicinal fungus, which contains a lot of effective ingredients. Modern pharmacological researches show that, Pleurotus eryngii fruit body has the function of decreasing blood pressure and reducing blood lipid. Polysaccharides are the main active components of Pleurotus eryngii, which have the antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor effects. The polysaccharide extraction methods include hot-water extraction, ultrasound, microwave, high temperature and high-pressure extraction. At present, the extraction of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides is mainly performed by hot-water extraction, which has long extraction time, high energy consumption and low extraction yield. Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue is the byproducts of fruit body processing. It contains rich protein and polysaccharide, and has multiple biological activities and physiological functions, similar with the fruit body. At present, Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue is often used as feed and fertilizer, or directly discarded. The utilization rate of Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue is very low, and it even causes the environment pollution. In 2012, the yield of Pleurotus eryngii in China is about 730 000 tons, and the stalk residue after fruit body processing is about 36 000 tons. Enzymatic treatment is a new technology in food and pharmaceutical industry, which is widely used in extracting biological active substances from animal and plant raw materials, with advantage of high extraction rate, low energy requirement, low cost and simple operation. Microwave assisted extraction is a physical enhancement process of heat and mass transfer, based on traditional extraction process. This method has improved extracting speed, efficiency and quality, compared with conventional extraction process. It has been widely applied to extraction of plant active components. At present, application of enzymatic treatment combined with microwave assisted extraction to extracting polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngi

关 键 词：多糖 提取 酶 杏鲍菇 微波 活性 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学] S38[农业科学—园艺学]