2007-2012年上海市杨浦区居民膳食结构变化分析  

Changes of dietary pattern among residents in Yangpu district of Shanghai from 2007 to 2012

作　　者：周蔚[1] 夏蒨 

机构地区：[1]上海市杨浦区疾病预防控制中心,上海200090

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第23期4264-4266,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解2007-2012年上海市杨浦区居民食物摄入状况并探讨居民膳食结构及其变化情况。方法收集整理杨浦区于2007、2011、2012年开展的三次"上海市居民营养与健康状况调查"资料数据,计算居民平均每标准人日各类食物摄入量及膳食结构并与《中国居民膳食指南》中各类食物推荐量进行比较分析。结果 2007-2012年杨浦区居民粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉类、蛋类、奶类的平均摄入量成增加趋势(P值均<0.05),分别增加20.3%、56.7%、78.9%、30.4%、55.9%、32.1%;居民能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的平均摄入量成增加趋势(P值均<0.05),分别增加24.5%、12.4%、16.7%,35.7%;但脂肪供能比成下降趋势(P值<0.05),碳水化合物供能比成升高趋势(P值<0.05)。结论杨浦区居民膳食状况逐步改善,但仍存在膳食结构不平衡现象,居民奶类、水果、大豆及坚果类消费仍处于较低水平,油、盐摄入量过多及脂肪供能过高。应鼓励居民多吃蔬菜、水果、奶类、大豆及其制品,减少油、盐及动物性食物摄入量,同时广泛开展健康教育,指导人群合理膳食,提高健康水平。Objective To understand the food intake and to analyze the dietary pattern and its changes among residents in Yangpu district of Shanghai from 2007 to 2012. Methods The data from ＂Health and Nutrition Survey among Residents in Shanghai＂, which were conducted three times in Yangpu district in 2007, 2011 and 2012, was respectively collected and analyzed, and the average food intake and dietary pattern were calculated and compared with the recommended food intake in the ＂Dietary Guidelines for Chinese＂. Results From 2007 to 2009, the average food intakes of cereal foods, vegetables, fruits, meats, eggs and milk had an increasing trend（all P〈0.05） and increased respectively by 20.3%, 56.7%, 78.9%, 30.4%, 55.9% and 32.1%. The intakes of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate also had an increasing trend（all P〈0.05） and increased respectively by 24.5%, 12.4%, 16.7%,35.7%. The energy supplied by fat had a descending trend（P〈0.05） and the energy supplied by carbohydrate had an increasing trend（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The residents＇ dietary status have gradually improved, but the dietary pattern is unbalanced. The residents＇ consumption of milk, fruits, beans and nuts are still at a low level and the intakes of oil and salt are excessive. The ratio of the energy supplied by fat is too high. The residents should be encouraged to eat more vegetables, fruits, milk, beans and nuts and less oil, salt and animal food. More health education should be carried out and the rational diet should also be recommended to residents to improve the residents＇ health level.

关 键 词：营养与健康状况调查 膳食结构 合理膳食 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]